【正文】 s electricity information in detail, to provide more valueadded services. developmental trend Twelfth fiveyear period, the state grid will invest 500 billion yuan to build the connection of large energy base and center of the three horizontal three longitudinal main load of ultra high voltage backbone work frame and 13 back to long branch, engineering, to form the core of the world firstclass strong smart grid. Strong smart grid technology standards promulgated by the state grid system planning, has been clear about the strong smart grid technology standards roadmap, is the world39。s Siemens, SAP and Swiss ABB are involved in this smart grid Siemens 2021 annual market scale will reach 30 billion euros, and plans to take a 20% market share, make sure order for 6 billion euros a year. The advanced nature Compared with the existing grid, smart grid, reflects the power flow, information flow and business flow marked characteristics of highly integration, its advancement and advantage mainly displays in: (1) has a strong foundation of grid system and technical support system, able to withstand all kinds of external disturbance and attacks, can adapt to largescale clean energy and renewable energy access, strong sex of grid reinforced and ascend. (2) the information technology, sensor technology, automatic control technology anic bination with power grid infrastructure, a panoramic view of available power grid information, timely detection, foresee the possibility of occurs, the grid can be quickly isolate fault, realize self recovery, to avoid the occurrence of blackouts. (3) flexible ac/dc transmission, mesh factory coordination, intelligent scheduling, power storage, and distribution automation technology widespread application, makes the control of power grid operation more flexible, economic, and can adapt to a large number of distributed power supply, power grid and electric vehicle charging and discharging facility access. (4) munication, information, and the integrated use of modern management technology, will greatly improve the efficiency of power equipment, and reduce the loss of electrical power, making the operation of power grid is more economic and efficient. (5) the height of the realtime and non realtime information integration, sharing and utilization, to run the show management prehensive, plete and fine grid operation state diagram, at the same time can provide decision support, control scheme and the corresponding response plans. (6) to establish a twoway interactive service mode, users can realtime understand the status of the power supply ability, power quality, price and power outage information, reasonable arrangement of electric equipment use。Advanced transmission operation main role is to emphasize congestion management and reduce the risk of the largescale railway。s smart grid is based on high voltage work backbone work frame, different grid voltage level based on the coordinated development of strong power grid), the modern advanced sensor measurement technology, munication technology, information technology, puter technology and control technology and the physical power grid highly integrated to form a new type of power to fully meet user demand for electricity and optimize the allocation of resources, guarantee the safety, reliability and economy of power supply, meet environmental constraints, ensure the quality of electric energy, to adapt to the development of power market, for the purpose of implementing the user reliable, economic, clean and interactive power supply and valueadded services. background Strong smart grid development in the world is still in its infancy, without a mon precisely defined, its technology can be roughly divided into four areas: advanced Measurement system, advanced distribution operation, advanced transmission operation and advanced asset measurement system main function is authorized to the user, make the system to establish a connection with load, enabling users to support the operation of the power grid。Rapid response to the electric power market and enterprise business requirements。 （ 5）提高運(yùn)行效率 — 當(dāng)決策支持技術(shù)與現(xiàn)有的資產(chǎn)管理過程集成后，管理者和用戶就能夠提高電網(wǎng)運(yùn)行、維修和規(guī)劃的效率和有效性。 （ 3）調(diào)度員培訓(xùn) — 利用決策支持技術(shù)工具以及行業(yè)內(nèi)認(rèn)證的軟件的動(dòng)態(tài)仿真器將顯著的提高系統(tǒng)調(diào)度員的技能和水平。 （ 1）可視化 — 決策支持 技術(shù)利用大量的數(shù)據(jù)并將其裁剪成格式化的、時(shí)間段和按技術(shù)分類的最關(guān)鍵的數(shù)據(jù)給電網(wǎng)運(yùn)行人員，可視化技術(shù)將這些數(shù)據(jù)展示為運(yùn)行人員可以迅速掌握的可視的格式，以便運(yùn)行人員分析和決策。 決策支持技術(shù)將復(fù)雜的電力系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化為系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行人員一目了然的可理解的信息，因此動(dòng)畫技術(shù)、動(dòng)態(tài)著色技術(shù)、虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)以及其他數(shù)據(jù)展示技術(shù)用來幫助系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行人員認(rèn)識、分析和處理緊急問題?？刂葡到y(tǒng)收集的大量數(shù)據(jù)不僅對自身有 用，而且對系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行人員也有很大的應(yīng)用價(jià)值，而且這些數(shù)據(jù)輔助運(yùn)行人員進(jìn)行決策。 （ 4）執(zhí)行自動(dòng)控制的行動(dòng) 智能電網(wǎng)通過實(shí)時(shí)通信系統(tǒng)和高級分析技術(shù)的結(jié)合使得執(zhí)行問題檢測和響應(yīng)的自動(dòng)控制行動(dòng)成為可能，它還可以降低已經(jīng)存在問題的擴(kuò)展，防止緊急問題的發(fā)生，修改系統(tǒng)設(shè)置、狀態(tài)和潮流以防止預(yù)測問題的發(fā)生。狀態(tài)估計(jì)和應(yīng)急分析將在秒級而不是分鐘級水平上完成分析，這給先進(jìn)控制技術(shù)和系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行人員足夠的時(shí)間來響應(yīng)緊急問題；專家系統(tǒng)將數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化成信息用于快速決策；負(fù)荷預(yù)測將應(yīng)用這些準(zhǔn)實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)以及改進(jìn)的天氣預(yù)報(bào)技術(shù)來準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測負(fù)荷；概率風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析將成為例行工作，確定電網(wǎng)在設(shè)備檢修期間、系統(tǒng)壓力較大期間以及不希望的供電中斷時(shí)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的水平；電網(wǎng)建模和仿真使運(yùn)行人員認(rèn)識準(zhǔn) 確的電網(wǎng)可能的場景。 （ 1）收集數(shù)據(jù)和監(jiān)測電網(wǎng)元件 先進(jìn)控制技術(shù)將使用智能傳感器、智能電子設(shè)備以及其他分析工具測量的系統(tǒng)和用戶參數(shù)以及電網(wǎng)元件的狀態(tài)情況，對整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的狀態(tài)進(jìn)行評估，這些數(shù)據(jù)都是準(zhǔn)實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)，對掌握電網(wǎng)整體的運(yùn)行狀況具有重要的意義，同時(shí)還要 利用向量測量單元以及全球衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)的時(shí)間信號，來實(shí)現(xiàn)電網(wǎng)早期的預(yù)警。當(dāng)然先進(jìn)控制技術(shù)需要一個(gè)集成的高速通信系統(tǒng)以及對應(yīng)的通信標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以處理大量的數(shù)據(jù)。 未來先進(jìn)控制技術(shù)的分析和診斷功能將引進(jìn)預(yù) 設(shè)的專家系統(tǒng)，在專家系統(tǒng)允許的范圍內(nèi)，采取自動(dòng)的控制行動(dòng)。從某種程度上說，先進(jìn)控制技術(shù)緊密依靠并服務(wù)于其他四個(gè)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)領(lǐng)域，如先進(jìn)控制技術(shù)監(jiān)測基本的元件（參數(shù)量測技術(shù)），提供及時(shí)和適當(dāng)?shù)捻憫?yīng)（集成通信技術(shù)；先進(jìn)設(shè)備技術(shù)）并且對任何事件進(jìn)行快速的診斷（先進(jìn)決策技術(shù)）。 先進(jìn)的控制技術(shù)是指智能電網(wǎng)中分析、診斷和預(yù)測狀態(tài)并確定和采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧┮韵?、減輕和防止供電中斷和電能質(zhì)量擾動(dòng)的裝置和算法。超導(dǎo)技術(shù)將用于短路電流限制器、儲能、低損耗的旋轉(zhuǎn)設(shè)備以及低損耗電纜中。 經(jīng)濟(jì)的 FACTS裝置將利用比現(xiàn)有半導(dǎo)體器件更能控制的低成本的電力半導(dǎo)體器件，使得這些先進(jìn)的設(shè)備可以廣泛的推廣應(yīng)用。通過應(yīng)用和改造各種各樣的先進(jìn)設(shè)備，如基于電力電子技術(shù)和新型導(dǎo)體技術(shù)的設(shè)備，來提高電網(wǎng)輸送容量和可靠性。 未來智能電網(wǎng)將主要應(yīng)用三個(gè)方面的先進(jìn)技術(shù)：電力電子技術(shù)、超導(dǎo)技術(shù)以及大容量儲能技術(shù)。 智能電網(wǎng)要廣泛應(yīng)用先進(jìn)的設(shè)備技術(shù)，極大地提高輸配電系統(tǒng)的性能。廣域監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)、保護(hù)和控制方案將集成數(shù)字保護(hù)、先進(jìn)的通信技術(shù)以及計(jì)算機(jī)代理程序。 未來的數(shù)字保護(hù)將嵌入計(jì)算機(jī)代理程序，極大地提高可靠性。 對于 電力公司來說，參數(shù)量測技術(shù)給電力系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行人員和規(guī)劃人員提供更多的數(shù)據(jù)支持，包括功率因數(shù)、電能質(zhì)量、相位關(guān)系（ WAMS）、設(shè)備健康狀況和能力、表計(jì)的損壞、故障定位、變壓器和線路負(fù)荷、關(guān)鍵元件的溫度、停電確認(rèn)、電能消費(fèi)和預(yù)測等數(shù)據(jù)?；谖⑻幚砥鞯闹悄鼙碛?jì)將有更多的功能，除了可以計(jì)量每天不同時(shí)段電力的使用和電費(fèi)外，還有儲存電力公司下達(dá)的高峰電力價(jià)格信號及電費(fèi)費(fèi)率，并通知用戶實(shí)施什么樣的費(fèi)率政策。它們評估電網(wǎng)設(shè)備的健康狀況和電網(wǎng)的完整性，進(jìn)行表計(jì)的讀取、消除電費(fèi)估計(jì)以及防止竊電、緩減電網(wǎng)阻塞以及與用戶的溝通。這就需要電力公司、設(shè)備制造企業(yè)以及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制