【正文】 t need heavy my writing resembles an ugly monster, it actually looks a little better without any , 欺騙讀者的謊言。 the days that followed, I learned to spell in this unprehending way a great many words, among them pin, hat, cup and a few verbs like sit, stand and , 我在根本不知自己在做什么樣情況下,學(xué)會了拼好些單詞, 比如PIN, HAT, CUP 及一些動詞, 如SIT, STAND AND was because I saw everything with the strange, new sight that had e to entering the door I remembered the doll I had felt my way to hearth and picked up the pieces, I tried vainly to put them , 拾起那些碎片, 試圖將它們拼接在一起, would have been difficult to find a happier child than I was as I lay in my crib at the close of that eventful day and lived over the joys it had brought me, and for the first time longed for a new day to , 我躺在自己的小床里, 感受這一天帶給我的那些快樂, , outmoded traditional thinking。s birthday occurred while he was in , 比爾來訪中國已多次了, .? This is for you,39。例如被動 態(tài)的譯法、長句的處理方法、倍數(shù)的譯法等等。七、復(fù)合詞與縮略詞大量使用復(fù)合詞與縮略詞是科技文章的特點之一，復(fù)合詞從過去的雙詞組合發(fā)展到多詞組合；縮略詞趨向于任意構(gòu)詞，例如某一篇論文的作者可以就僅在該文中使用的術(shù)語組成縮略詞，這給翻譯工作帶來一定的困難。The efforts that have been made to explain optical phenomena by means of the hypothesis of a medium having the same physical character as an elastic solid body led, in the first instance, to the understanding of a concrete example of a medium which can transmit transverse vibrations ,and at a later stage to the definite conclusion that there is no luminiferous medium having the physical character assumed in the ，人們曾試圖假定有一種具有與彈性固體相同的物理性質(zhì)的介質(zhì)。六、長句為了表述一個復(fù)雜概念，使之邏輯嚴(yán)密，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，科技文章中往往出現(xiàn)許多長句。An object, once in motion ,will keep on moving because of its ，就會因慣性而持續(xù)運動。The resistance being very high ,the current in the circuit was ，電路中通過的電流就小。In water sound travels nearly five times as fast as in 。Electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed as 。（或縮短為三分之一。Computers may be classified as analog and 。It has been proved that induced voltage causes a current to flow in opposition to the force producing ，感應(yīng)電壓使電流的方向與產(chǎn)生電流的磁場力方向相反。舉例如下：It is evident that a well lubricated bearing turns more easily than a dry ，潤滑好的軸承，比不潤滑的軸承容易轉(zhuǎn)動。五、常用句型科技文章中經(jīng)常使用若干特定的句型，從而形成科技文體區(qū)別于其他文體的標(biāo)志。)我們幾乎沒有注意的很奇異的物質(zhì)變化每天都在眼前發(fā)生。The molecules exert forces upon each other, which depend upon the distance between ，該力的大小取決于它們之間的距離。The results obtained must be The heat produced is equal to the electrical energy 。The force upward equals the force downward so that the balloon stays at the ，所以氣球就保持在這一高度。In radiation ,thermal energy is transformed into radiant energy ,similar in nature to ，轉(zhuǎn)換成性質(zhì)與光相似的輻射能。形容詞及形容詞短語。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)不以下五種：介詞短語The forces due to friction are called frictional 。In making the radio waves correspond to each sound in turn ,messages are carried from a broadcasting station to a receiving ，信息就由廣播電臺傳遞到接收機(jī)。Materials to be used for structural purposes are chosen so as to behave elastically in the environmental 。Vibrating objects produce sound waves ,each vibration producing one sound ，每一次振動產(chǎn)生一個聲波。Radiating from the earth, heat causes air currents to ，使得氣流上升。試比較下列各組句子。如前所述，科技文章要求行文簡練，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，為此，往往使用分詞短語代替定語從句或狀語從句；使用分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)代替狀語從句或并列分句；使用不定式短語代替各種從句；介詞十動名詞短語代替定語從句或狀語從句。足見被動結(jié)構(gòu)可收簡潔客觀之效。這一段短文中各句的主語分別為： Electrical energy Such a deviceIts ability to store electrical energyIt(Capacitance)它們都包含了較多的信息，并且處于句首的位置，非常醒目。這樣的裝置稱之為電容器，其儲存電能的能力稱為電容。試觀察并比較下列兩段短文的主語。此外，如前所述，科技文章將主要信息前置，放在主語部份。因此盡量使用第三人稱敘述，采用被動語態(tài)，例如：Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the 。這是因為科技文章側(cè)重敘事推理，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀準(zhǔn)確。名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves 強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀事實，而”謂語動詞則著重其發(fā)射和接受的能力?？萍加⒄Z所表述的是客觀規(guī)律，因之要盡量避免使用第一、二人稱；此外，要使主要的信息置于句首。名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使復(fù)合句簡化成簡單句，而且使表達(dá)的概念更加確切嚴(yán)密。句中of displacement of water by solid bodies 系名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)，一方面簡化了同位語從句，另一方強(qiáng)調(diào)displacement 這一事實。而非某一行為。現(xiàn)分述如下：一、大量使用名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)《當(dāng)代英語語法》（A Grammar of Contemporary）在論述科技英語時提出，大量使用名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)（Nominalization）是科技英語的特點之一?？萍嘉恼挛捏w的特點是：清晰、準(zhǔn)確、精練、嚴(yán)密。The range of a voltmeter may be extended by means of a series resistor called a multiplier as shown in fullscale reading of the meter alone may be the multiplier 250volts may be required to move the pointer to fullscale, 135 volts across the multiplier and 15volts across the ，不難看出其文體與修辭手段與前面列舉的文藝小說，新聞報道等迥然不同。這是屬于應(yīng)用文的新聞文體，其特點是簡明扼要，短小精悍，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，筆鋒犀利。上半場領(lǐng)先四分，首開記錄?！盿nd in then dwelt such a shadow of distress“是非常優(yōu)美生動的文學(xué)語言，譯文保持了一風(fēng)格。一雙大落落的柔順眼睛，里邊隱藏著無窮的心事，只有那些對于凄惶無告的窮苦人面目作過同情觀察的人才看得出來。t think ”不“，顯得簡潔有力。其特點是：用詞自由，句法結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，短句與省略句多，自然樸素，生活氣息濃厚。摘自《刀鋒》（The Razor39?！贝蛩愀蓡?？“ ”不。t want to.“ ”聽說有個很好的工作要你去干。t think so.” “Why not?39。試觀察下列幾個片斷的原文及其譯文“It appears that you39。Conferences 各類會議術(shù)語assembly 大會 convention 會議 party 晚會, 社交性宴會 athome party 家庭宴會 tea party 茶會dinner party 晚餐會 garden party 游園會 dance(party), ball, fandango 舞會 reading party 讀書會 fishing party 釣魚會 sketching party 觀劇會 birthday party 生日宴會 Christmas party 圣誕晚會 luncheon party 午餐會 fancy ball 化妝舞會memorative party 紀(jì)念宴會wedding dinner, a wedding reception 結(jié)婚宴會 banquet 酒宴pajama party 睡衣派對 buffet party 立食宴會 cocktail party 雞尾酒會 wele meeting 歡迎會 farewell party 惜別會pink tea 公式茶會new years39。S PRESIDENT ROBERT WRIGHT SEEKS BIG ACQUISITI0NS，VENTURES FOR THE NETWORK（=NBC39。例如： FINANCIER KILLED BY BURGLARS（＝A FINANCIER IS KILLED BY BURGLARS）夜毛賊入室金融家遇害POPE TO VISIT JAPAN IN FEBRUARY（＝POPE IS TO VISIT JAPAN IN FEBRUARY）教皇擬于二月訪日 INDIA MENDING FENCES（＝INDIA IS MENDING FENCES）印度正在改善與鄰國的關(guān)系4）連詞通常省略，并用逗號代替。 TOURISTS）惜別之情難以擋游客蜂擁至三峽2）聯(lián)系動詞通常省略。 TOURISTS（＝THE THREE GORGES FLOODED BY 39。例如：TENTH OF BRITISH MACKEREL CATCH GROUND INTO FEED（＝A TENTH OF THE BRITISH MACKEEL CATCH GROUND INTO FEED）英國捕獲鰭魚一成碾為飼料THREE G0RGES FLOODED BY 39。其中，標(biāo)題中虛詞的省略就是它的重要特點之一。閱讀英語報紙的新聞標(biāo)題是我們學(xué)習(xí)閱讀英語報刊的第一步。英語新聞標(biāo)題的措詞、語法、修辭乃至標(biāo)點符號等方面的特點較為突出，現(xiàn)一一予以簡述。顯然，新聞標(biāo)題就是十分理想的“向?qū)А薄Ｎ覀兡闷鹨环輬蠹埧傁胙杆僬业疆?dāng)天的報道重點或個人感興趣的新聞和文章。一份英文報紙少則10至20版，多則數(shù)百版。一般應(yīng)先讀標(biāo)題，但由于標(biāo)題（headline）短而精，不太好懂，不少讀者常常繞開它。要知道，對于初、中等英語水平的讀者，英語報刊文章很少會不出現(xiàn)生詞。那么，應(yīng)該怎么讀？首先要有準(zhǔn)備地閱讀，如先大致了解一下某報各版的主要內(nèi)容，然后按照自己的興趣或事先擬訂的閱讀計劃，選定一個版面，有選擇地閱讀。一篇文章剛看了個頭，一碰到生詞，馬上換一篇。6．Track Events 徑賽項目100meter dash 100米賽，400meter race 400米賽，long distance races 長跑，re