【正文】 37 參 考 文 獻(xiàn) [1] 張志涌編著 . 精通 版 . 北京 :北京航空航天大學(xué)出版社 . 2020 [2] 魏克新等編著 . MATLAB 語言與自動控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) . 北京 :機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 .1997 [3] 施陽等編著 MATLAB 語言精要及動態(tài)仿真工具 SIMULINK 西安 西北工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社 1997 [4] 胡壽松 自動控制原理 北京 國防工業(yè)出版社 1980 [5] 龐國仲 編著 自動控制原理（修訂版） 合肥 中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)出版社 1998 [6] 薛定宇 反饋控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與分析 MATLAB 語言應(yīng)用 北京 清華大學(xué)出版社 1998 [7] 鄭君里 信號與系統(tǒng) 北京 高等教育出版社 2000 [8] 施曉紅等編著 精通 GUI 圖形界面編程 北京 北京大學(xué)出版社 2020 [9] 魏巍 編著 控制工程工具箱技術(shù) 北京 國防工業(yè)出版社 2020 [9] 陳懷琛等 編著 MATLAB 及在電子信息課程中的應(yīng)用 北京 電子工業(yè)出版社 2000 [10] 樓順天等 基于 MATLAB 的系統(tǒng)分析與設(shè)計(jì) 工程師軟件應(yīng)用系列 西安 西安電子科技大學(xué)出版社 1998 [11] 吳大正 信號與線形系統(tǒng)分析 西安 西安電子科技大學(xué)出版社 1998 [12] MATLAB User′ s Mathworks Inc,1998 [13] C L Phillips,R D control Cliffs,:Prentice 38 附錄 一 英文科技文獻(xiàn)翻譯 英文原文 ： Linearized Dynamic Models EXAMPLES AND CLASSIFICATIONS OF CONTROL SYSTEMS Control systems exist in a virtually infinite, both in type of application and level of sophistication. The heating system and the water heater in a house are systems in which only the sign of the difference between desired and actual temperatures is used for control. If the temperature drops below a set value, a constant heat is switched on, to be switched off again when the temperature rises above a set maximum. Variations of such relay or onoff control systems, sometimes quite sophisticated, are very mon in practice because of their relatively low cost. In the nature of such control systems, the controlled variable will oscillate continuously between maximum and minimum limits. For many applications the control is not sufficiently smooth or accurate. In the Power steering of a car, the controlled variable or system output is the angle of the front wheels, it must follow the system input, the angle of the steering wheel, as closely as possible but at a much higher Power level. In the Process industries, including refineries and chemical plants, there are many temperatures and level to be held to usually constant values in the presence of various disturbance. of an electric power generation Plant, controlled values of voltage and frequency are outputs, but inside such a plant there are again many temperatures, levels, pressures, and, other variables to be controlled. In aerospace, the control of aircraft, missiles, and satellites is an area of often very advanced system. One Classification of control systems Is the following: 1. Process control or regulator systems: The controlled variable, or output, must be held as close as possible to a usually constant desired value, or input, despite any disturbances. 2. Servomechanisms: The input varies and the output must be made to follow it as closely as possible. Power steering is One example of the second class, equivalent to systems for positioning control surfaces on aircraft. Automated manufacturing machinery, such as numerically controlled machine tools, uses servos extensively for the control of positions or speeds. This last example brings to mind the distinction between continuous and discrete systems. The latter are inherent in the use of digital puters for control. The classification into linear nonlinear control systems should also be mentioned at this point. Analysis and design are in general much simpler for the former, to which most of this book is devoted. Yet most systems bee nonlinear if the variables more over wide enough ranges. The importance in practice of linear techniques relies on linearization based on the assumption that the variables stay close enough to a given operating point. OPENLOOP CONTROL AND CLOSEDLOOP CONTROL To introduce the subject, it is useful to consider an example. In , let it be desired to maintain the actual water level in the tank as close as possible to a desired level. The desired level will be called the system input, and the actual level the controlled or system output. Water flows from the tank via valve Vo and enters the 39 tank a supply via a control valve Vc. The control valve is adjustable, either manually or by some type of actuator. This may be an electric motor or a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder. Very often it would be pneumatic diaphragm actuator, indicated in Fig 2. Increasing the pneumatic pressure above the diaphra gm pushes it down against a spring and increases valve opening. In this form of Control, the valve is adjusted t0 make output c equal to input r, but not, readjusted continually to keep the two equal. Open loop control, with certain safeguards added is very mon, for example, in the context of sequence control, that is, guiding a process through a sequence of predetermined steps. However, for systems such as the one at hand, this form of control will normally not yield high performance. A difference between input and output, a system error e = rc would be expected to develop, due to two major effect: 1. Disturbances acting on the system 2. Parameter variation of the system These are prime motivations for the use of feedback control. For the example, pressure variations upstream of V can be important disturbances affecting inflow and outflow, and hence level. In a steel rolling mill, very large disturbance torques in the drive motor of the rolls when steel slabs enter or leave affect speeds. For the water Level example, a sudden or gradual change of flow resistance of the valves due to foreign matter or valve deposits represents a system parameter values are different at 20% and 100% of full power. In a valve, the relation, between pressure drop and flow rate is often nonlinear, and as a res。必須對那些仿真軟件平臺進(jìn)行研究分析和大量的二次開發(fā)工作，包括遠(yuǎn)程實(shí)驗(yàn)、仿真平臺的理論研究、平臺的搭建、數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸、數(shù)據(jù)的安全、數(shù)據(jù)的共享、實(shí)驗(yàn)在線監(jiān)視系統(tǒng)、學(xué)生實(shí)驗(yàn)情況的專家知識庫、利用知識庫提供在線操作指導(dǎo)等等。同時(shí)，還可以便于學(xué)生自學(xué)，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的自學(xué)能力和創(chuàng)新能力。同時(shí)可以降低對運(yùn)行的硬件平臺的要求，降低軟件的投入，減少軟件運(yùn)行維護(hù)的費(fèi)用，降低客戶機(jī)的配置要求。該系統(tǒng)可以使實(shí)驗(yàn)的方式有一個本質(zhì)的改進(jìn)，通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)，可以使多個人同時(shí)共享一臺設(shè)備，使以前一人一臺的實(shí)驗(yàn)方式變?yōu)榱硕嗳艘慌_實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備的遠(yuǎn)程實(shí)驗(yàn)方式，實(shí)