【正文】 It is best to have detection controls in place as early as possible in the design development process. 難檢度應(yīng)採(cǎi)用表 。 Note: After making the detection ranking, the team should review the occurrence ranking and ensure that the occurrence ranking is still appropriate. 設(shè)計(jì) FMEA填寫說(shuō)明 建議評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn) (Suggested Evaluation Criteria) 小組成員應(yīng)對(duì)評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及等級(jí)系統(tǒng)更一致的共識(shí)，即使是個(gè)別產(chǎn)品分析更所修訂，亦應(yīng)更一致的共識(shí)。 Once the design controls have been identified, review all prevention controls to determine if any occurrence rankings need to be revised. 設(shè)計(jì) FMEA填寫說(shuō)明 17. 難檢度 (Detection): 難檢度量在設(shè)計(jì)管制中，能否容易檢測(cè)管制的等級(jí)劃分，為了達(dá)到較低等級(jí)，基本上需改善所規(guī)劃的設(shè)計(jì)管制。 (P預(yù)防 ,D檢測(cè) )。 The Design FMEA form in this manual has two columns for the design controls (., separate columns for Prevention Controls and Detection Controls) to assist the team in clearly distinguishing between these two types of design controls. This allows for a quick visual determination that both types of design controls have been considered. 設(shè)計(jì) FMEA填寫說(shuō)明 16. 現(xiàn)行設(shè)計(jì)管制 (續(xù) )(Current Design Controls(continued)): ※ 在範(fàn)例中並沒(méi)更使用到預(yù)防管制欄位 ,因?yàn)樵擃A(yù)防並未被使用在相同或類似的設(shè)計(jì)上。比較好的方式是第一種方式 Detection: Detect the cause/mechanism of failure or the failure mode, either by analytical or physical methods, before the item is released to production. The preferred approach is to first use prevention controls, if possible. DFMEA之現(xiàn)行設(shè)計(jì)管制區(qū)分 為兩個(gè)欄位 ,分別是預(yù)防管制及檢測(cè)管制 ,以協(xié)助小組成員明確區(qū)分兩者類型的管制方式。 for example, creating new system tests in the lab, or creating new system modeling algorithms, etc. 有兩種設(shè)計(jì)管制的類型可供考量 (舊版為三種 ) There are two types of design controls to consider: (1) 預(yù)防：預(yù)防失效原因 /機(jī)制或失效模式發(fā)生，或降低發(fā)生的機(jī)率。 List the prevention, design validation/verification (DV), or other activities that have been pleted or mitted to and that will assure the design adequacy for the failure mode and/or cause/mechanism under consideration. Current controls (., design reviews, fail/safe designs such as a pressure relief valve, mathematical studies, rig/lab testing, feasibility review, prototype tests, road testing, fleet testing) are those that have been or are being used with the same or similar designs. 設(shè)計(jì) FMEA填寫說(shuō)明 (續(xù) )(Current Design Controls(continued)): 小組應(yīng)隨時(shí)均著眼於改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)管制；例如：於實(shí)驗(yàn)室中創(chuàng)造出系統(tǒng)測(cè)試，或創(chuàng)造出系統(tǒng)模型計(jì)算程序等。 The likelihood of occurrence ranking number has a relative meaning rather than an absolute value. 藉由設(shè)計(jì)變更或設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程變更 (如設(shè)計(jì)查核表、設(shè)計(jì)審查、設(shè)計(jì)指南 )才是降低發(fā)生率的唯一方法，才是降低發(fā)生率的唯一方法 . Preventing or controlling the causes/mechanisms of the failure mode through a design change or design process change (., design checklist, design review, design guide) is the only way a reduction in the occurrence ranking can be effected. 設(shè)計(jì) FMEA填寫說(shuō)明 潛在失效原因 /機(jī)制發(fā)生率的評(píng)估分為 1到 10級(jí)，在確定這個(gè)估計(jì)值時(shí)，需考慮下列問(wèn)題： Estimate the likelihood of occurrence of potential failure causes/mechanism on a 1 to 10 scale. In determining this estimate, question such as the following should be considered: (a) 相似零件、子系統(tǒng)或子系統(tǒng)的過(guò)去服務(wù)歷史資料和相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn) ? What is the service history/field experience with similar ponents, subsystems, or systems? (b) 是否沿用以前使用的零件、子系統(tǒng)或系統(tǒng) ,還是與其相似 ? Is the ponent a carryover or similar to a previous level ponent, subsystem, or system? (續(xù) )(Occurrence(continued)): 設(shè)計(jì) FMEA填寫說(shuō)明 (c) 與上一版序零件、子系統(tǒng)或系統(tǒng)改變程度的大小 ? How significant are changes from a previous level ponent, subsystem, or system? (d) 零件與上一版序零件 ,更無(wú)顯著的差異 ? Is the ponent radically different from a previous level ponent? (e) 零件是否為全新的產(chǎn)品 ? Is the ponent pletely new? (f) 零件的用途是否改變 ? Has the ponent application changed? (g) 作業(yè)環(huán)境是否改變 ? What are the environmental changes? (續(xù) )(Occurrence(continued)): 設(shè)計(jì) FMEA填寫說(shuō)明 (h) 是否運(yùn)用工程分析去預(yù)估 ,應(yīng)用此零件之發(fā)生度 ? Has an engineering analysis (., reliability) been used to estimate the expected parable occurrence rate for the application? (i) 更無(wú)放入預(yù)防管制考量 ? Have preventive controls been put in place? 發(fā)生率評(píng)價(jià)等級(jí)分?jǐn)?shù)為 FMEA作業(yè)範(fàn)圍內(nèi)的相對(duì)評(píng)分，並不 一定反映實(shí)際可能的發(fā)生 The occurrence ranking number is a relative rating within the scope of the FMEA and may not reflect the actual likelihood of occurrence. (續(xù) )(Occurrence(continued)): 設(shè)計(jì) FMEA填寫說(shuō)明 建議評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn) (Suggested Evaluation Criteria): 小組成員對(duì)評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及系統(tǒng)等級(jí)應(yīng)更一致的共識(shí)，即使是個(gè)別產(chǎn)品分析更所修訂，亦應(yīng)更一致的共識(shí) The team should agree on an evaluation criteria and ranking system, that is consistent, even if modified for individual product analysis. 註：等級(jí) Note: The ranking value of 1 is reserved for “Remote: Failure is unlikely.” 設(shè)計(jì) FMEA填寫說(shuō)明 建議的 DFMEA發(fā)生率評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 失效的機(jī)率 可能的失效率 等級(jí) 極高：失效幾乎不可避免 ≧ 100 每一千輛車 /項(xiàng)目 10 50 每一千輛車 /項(xiàng)目 9 高：一再重複失效 20 每一千輛車 /項(xiàng)目 8 10 每一千輛車 /項(xiàng)目 7 中等：偶爾發(fā)生失效 5 每一千輛車 /項(xiàng)目 6 2 每一千輛車 /項(xiàng)目 5 1 每一千輛車 /項(xiàng)目 4 低：相對(duì)較少失效 每一千輛車 /項(xiàng)目 3 每一千輛車 /項(xiàng)目 2 極低：不太可能出現(xiàn)失效 ≦ 每一千輛車 /項(xiàng)目 1 Suggested DFMEA Occurrence Evaluation Criteria Probability of Failure Possible Failure Rates Ranking Very high: Persistent failures ≧ 100 per thousand vehicle/items 10 50 per thousand vehicle/items 9 High: Frequent failures 20 per thousand vehicle/items 8 10 per thousand vehicle/items 7 Moderate: Occasional failures 5 per thousand vehicle/items 6 2 per thousand vehicle/items 5 1 per thousand vehicle/items 4 Low: Relatively few failure per thousand vehicle/items 3 per thousand vehicle/items 2 Remote: Failure is unlikely ≦ per thousand vehicle/items 1 (Current Design Controls): 列舉預(yù)防、設(shè)計(jì)確認(rèn) /驗(yàn)證 (DV)或其他已完成或提出的活動(dòng)，這些 活動(dòng)將保證該設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)於所考慮的失效模式和 /或原因 /機(jī)制是充分 的。 This column may also be used to highlight highpriority failure modes for engineering assessment if the team finds this helpful or if local management requires it. 特殊的產(chǎn)品或製品特性符號(hào)及其使用，系由三大汽車公司政策自訂，本手冊(cè)並未予以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。 Note: 1. It is not remended to modify criteria ranking values of 9 and 10. Failure modes with a rank of severity 1 should not be analyzed further. 2. 高嚴(yán)重度者，更時(shí)可藉由設(shè)計(jì)修改來(lái)降低失效的嚴(yán)重度，例如「平胎行駛」可減輕瞬