【正文】 a l t e r n a t i v e s s h o u l d b e c o n s i d e r e d .N u m b e r o f D e f e c t s p e r S u b g r o u p ( c ) M o n i t o r t h e n u m b e r o f d e f e c t s i n e a c h s u b g r o u p .U s e d t o m o n i t o r t h e n u m b e r o f d e f e c t s i n a u n i t .S u b g r o u p s i z e i s o n e u n i t t h a t c o u l d h a v e s e v e r a l d e f e c t s .S u b g r o u p s i z e m u s t b e c o n s t a n t .I n e f f e c t i v e w h e n d e f e c t l e v e l i s l o w 。6Sigma Training Statistical Technique to 6Sigma Quality 1 6Sigma Training ABOUT INSTRUCTOR Current position : Sr. Officer, LCM Eng. Dept MPhif.(EE), BEng(Hons) Eng. Past working experience: HKUST: To fabricate OLED and design the related driving cicruits. CityU: To fabricate Polymeric Opto Waveguides Philips: To develop LCM including B/W, Color STN, TFT and PLED Solomon Systech: To develop the driver IC for B/W, Color STN, TFT and PDA products. 2 6Sigma Training COURSE ABSTRACT This course is to introduce the ways of Process Control System targeting to 6sigma Quality in the manufacturing areas. The benchmark of Six Sigma will be shared during the course. In order to achieve it, series of measurement system capabilities, performance metrics and process control methodology will be discussed. 3 6Sigma Training COURSE OBJECTIVES Participants will learn : * What is six Sigma * Control Planning and Methodology * Measurement system capability * Process Capability Metrics * Continuous Process Improvement 4 6Sigma Training Traditional Process Capability * % of the total area within spec. limits. Defect rate will be 2,700 PPM. * Only % of the area under the curve and defect rate is 66,000PPM. 5 6Sigma Training Six Sigma Capability * Defect rate PPM * Defect rate PPM 6 6Sigma Training ? Output Variables Manage the outputs. A Traditional View Sales Growth Market Share Profitability 7 6Sigma Training ? Output Variables ? Input Variables Manage the inputs。 respond to the outputs. A Nontraditional View Sales Growth Market Share Profitability Customer Satisfaction Product Quality OnTime Delivery COQ Credit Terms Relationships Service Customer Training 8 6Sigma Training What is 6 Sigma Motorola’s term to express a process capability that produces only defects per each million units manufactured when the process is centered, or a maximum of only defects for each million units when the process shifts up to sigma to one side. The term “6 sigma” is being synonymous with “Quality Excellence”. 9 6Sigma Training The Concept of Six Sigma Different numbers of Opportunities ... Manufacturing Processes Customers or Suppliers Administrative Areas 6? = A structural approach to continuous improvement 1 Identify the product or service you provide 2 Identify your customers their requirements 3 Determine your needs suppliers 4 Define the process for doing work 5 Eliminate defect sources / optimize the process 6 Continuously improve the Sigma level ( or “ Six steps toward excellence” ) A Bit of Statistics ... 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 upper spec limit Lower spec limit + Sigma Sigma ppm or Zero + 10 6Sigma Training 1)( 2??? ?nxx i??Normal Distribution Gaussian Curve Sigma = ? = Deviation ( Square root of variance ) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Axis graduated in Sigma % % % % % % result: 317300 ppm outside (deviation) 45500 ppm 2700 ppm 63 ppm ppm ppm between + / 1? between + / 2? between + / 3? between + / 4? between + / 5? between + / 6? ? = 11 6Sigma Training Six Sigma...And the Statistics 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 + Sigma Sigma ppm or Zero Upper spec. limit Lower spec. limit ? Reduce the variation: when ? = Design specification width / 12 ? Stabilize the process, without affecting the variance, to limit the maximum process shift to +/ ? ? Under these conditions, and in the worst case, there will be no more than a ppm defect (reject) level, with specification limits at ? on one side and ? on the other. ? Note: One can see that the point corresponding to 6 on the graduated performance scale above is measured in ”Sigma’s” (with 6? corresponding to a ppm defect level). Cp = 2 and Cpk = Cp = 2 12 6Sigma Training Six Sigma...And Capability ? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Cp 0 . 3 3 0 . 6 6 1 1 . 3 3 1 . 6 6 2 2 . 3 3 2 . 6 6C p k 0 . 1 6 0 . 1 6 0 . 5 0 . 8 3 1 . 1 6 1 . 5 1 . 8 3 2 . 1 6Cp = Design specification width 6? 3? Cpk = Min. Mean Spec Limit With a maximum process shift of +/ ? 13 6Sigma Training Different Numbers of Opportunities ...Manufacturing ProcessCustomers or Suppliers Adminis