【正文】 to the time of injury from death(corpse). In a variety of vital reaction, the appearance of cells﹑ inflammatory mediators﹑ enzymes﹑ cytokines and so on, and the peak and decline of the appearance have a certain time sequence. Unfortunately due to individual differences, the differences of injury and other differences of all the index detections lead to some research results which can only stays on the research stage, difficultly or rarely applied to the actual test case. 2023226 2023226 四 .The deduction o。 Forensic Significance: ▲ Stab wound are more homicides or hurted by others,suicide and accidents are rare. ▲ Puncture inegenerating patterns inferred from injuries. 火 器 傷 （ firearm injury） : human injuries caused by gunpowder detonation or a variety of gunpowder detonated weapons called firearms wounds, including bullet wound and explosive wound. （ bullet wound） Bullet wound is the most mon type of firearms wound, refers to wound caused by launch warheads. Typical bullet wound is perforating gunshot wound, including entrance of bullet, canal of bullet and exit of bullet. bullet wound： ① blind tract gunshot wound ② Gully bullet ③ ricochet gunshot wound ④ circumferential gunshot wound ① Entrance of bullet: the shape is related with distance of shot, including close shot, shortdistance shot and longdistance shot. ② Contusion collar： Contusion collar is also called strike collar. The bullet strike and friction the skin when it rotateing through the skin, which impact the skin around the edges of the injured place with two to four millimeter. It is bright red at the beginning and turn to be dark brown later because of parchmentlike transformation. Grease collar： Grease collar is also called wipe collar: oil, rust, metal powder and dust attaching to the bullet cover on or in the contusion collar, general one millimeter wide. Contusion collar and grease collar always overlap each other. Xray: metal shadow around the entrance. Patterned Impression（槍口印痕）： Shortdistance and close (one millimeter) shot could form patterned impression, that is to say, the muzzle will press skin when close shooting so that left local patterned impression. Significance of bullet entrance ’ s features ▲ Proves it is entrance and shortdistance shoot ▲ Determine the type of gun according to patterned impression ▲ Gunpowder particles and ash: ▲ Proves it is shortdistance the shooting distance is in 15 to 30 centimeter with handgun and in one meter with rifle, inplete bustion of gunpowder particles can shoot out with bullet in the skin and wound(the closer the shooting distance, the smaller the tattooing scope and darker the color。s cuttingedge along the longitudinal axis direction stabbed into the human body formed the tube. In general, is a blind tube puncture ,the same to the no puncture exports, and a few can see the perating stab wound(entrances, inegenerating road, export). ② Characteristics ▲ Sometimes spiny entrance can reflect the characteristics of the murder weapons (including puncture entrance, inegenerating tube, puncture export) Such as: triangular scraper is a delta。 the lower right is shallow. Which is just opposite from the left hander Without a certain direction （ 2） Chop wound ① Definition： Refers to Injuries caused by waving sharp instrument which has certain weight to slash against the body. The sharp instrument which cause chop wound is known as chopping instrument ② Features： ▲ Having the mon characteristics of sharp instrument injury. ▲ The wound cavity is deep, mostly opens wide and the length won’ t exceed the length of the chopping instrument’ s sharp edge in general ▲ The tissues are injured severely, usually along with bone injury. ③ Significance of forensic medicine： Nature of the Case:Most cases are homicide, followed by the damage。 ⑤ Complete and systematic anatomy is especially strict with clothing （ Sharp Instrument Injury） One、 Definition instrument injury： Refers to injuries caused by articles with sharp edge of tip ： incised wound、 chop wound、 stab wound、clip wound （ 1） Incised wound： ① Sharp edge of the blade oppress the skin and move along the axis of the blade edge created incision wound. The sharp instrument which caused the wound is cutting instrument, for example all kinds of knives, like blade, slide, dagger, etc. ② Features： ▲ Having the characteristics of sharp instrument wound（ No peeling around the wound and subcutaneous hemorrhage ） ▲ wound length is much greater than the depth of the wound cavity， spindle shaped and slitlike. ▲ If there is bone under the wound, it can make scratches on it. ③ Significance of forensic medicine： incised wound is most often founded in suicide. Features of cut throat： （ right hand） Hands are generally on the left neck, cross the thyroid cartilage level, right oblique toward the neck, usually hands heavy and close hand light, the tentatively cut is visible at the starting point. (also called, test cuts, hesitation wounds etc.) tentative cut： is almost parallel, several small superficial incised wound, fishtail scratches, which are characteristics of suicide. Defense wound： With case of fighting, we can see injuries due to snatch the weapon or resistance to bat in the back of the victim’ s hand, finger and/or palm The difference of cut throat between suicide and homicide. (As follows) suicide homicide position Areas within the suicide39。 If the force is so strong that can be a laceration along the longitudinal axis of the strip stick. The hitting with the end of cylindrical sticks can form curved laceration.