【正文】 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 81 Stories ? The folklore of anizations – stories about past anizational events – is a mon aspect of culture. ? Stories municate “how things work” and reflect the uniqueness of anizational cultures. ? A few mon themes underlie many anizational stories. ? Issues of equality, security, and control underlie many stories. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 79 Symbols ? Symbols are strong indicators of corporate culture. ? Some executives are particularly skilled at using symbols consciously to reinforce cultural values. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 77 Socialization Steps in Strong Cultures (continued) ? It is the consistency among these steps and their mutually reinforcing properties that make for a strong culture. ? Disney pany is a good example of a pany that uses many of these steps. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 75 Socialization ? The precise nature of the socialization process is a key to the culture that emerges in an anization. ? Socialization is one of the primary means by which individuals can learn the culture’s beliefs, values, and assumptions. ? Organizations with strong cultures go to great pains to expose employees to a careful stepbystep socialization process. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 73 Contributors to the Culture ? How are cultures built, maintained, and changed? ? Two key factors that contribute to the foundation and continuation of anizational cultures: – The founder’s role – Socialization Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 71 Liabilities of Strong Cultures ? Resistance to Change – A strong culture can prove very resistant to change and can damage a firm’s ability to innovate. ? Culture clash – Strong cultures can mix badly when a merger or acquisition pushes two of them together under the same corporate banner. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 69 Assets of Strong Cultures ? Coordination – The overarching values and assumptions of strong cultures can facilitate munication and coordination. ? Conflict Resolution – Sharing core values is a powerful mechanism for resolving conflicts. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 67 Organizations with Strong Cultures ? Some anizations that are generally agreed to have strong cultures: – Hilti (Canada) Corp. – Boston Pizza – WestJet Airlines Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 65 Subcultures (continued) ? Effective anizations develop an overarching culture to manage differences between subcultures. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 63 Characteristics of Organizational Culture (continued) ? The content of a culture can involve matters that are internal to the anization or external. ? Culture can have a strong impact on both anizational performance and member satisfaction. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 61 What Is Organizational Culture? ? An anization’s style, atmosphere, or personality. ? Consists of the shared beliefs, values, and assumptions that exist in an anization. ? These shared beliefs, values, and assumptions determine the norms that develop and the patterns of behavour that emerge from these norms. CULTURE ? NORMS ? BEHAVIOUR Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 59 Proactive Socialization: Research Evidence ? Feedback and information seeking is related to greater knowledge of different content areas as well as to higher job satisfaction, anizational mitment, and job performance, and lower levels of stress, intentions to quit, and turnover. ? Supervisors are the information source most strongly related to positive socialization outes. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 57 Proactive Socialization Behaviours ? Feedbackseeking ? Informationseeking ? Observation ? General socializing ? Networking ? Boss relationship building ? Selfregulation ? Relationship building Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 55 Proactive Socialization ? The process through which newers play an active role in their own socialization through the use of a number of proactive socialization behaviours. ? One of the most important proactive behaviours is to request feedback about one’s performance and to seek information. ? Newers can acquire information by requesting it, by asking questions, and by observing the behaviour of others. Copyright 169。g233。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 53 Mentoring: Research Evidence ? Mentored individuals have higher objective (., pensation) and subjective career outes (., career satisfaction). ? Mentoring tends to be more strongly related to the subjective than the objective career outes. ? The psychosocial function is more strongly related to satisfaction with the mentoring relationship. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 51 Women and Mentors ? The lack of mentors and role models is a major barrier for the career advancement of women. ? Crossgender mentorapprentice dyads are problematic for female apprentices. ? Mentoring is even more critical to women’s career success than to men’s. ? Organizations have begun to develop formal mentoring and working programs for women. ? Exclusion from informal works is a major roadblock to the advancement of women. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 49 Psychosocial Functions of Mentoring ? The psychosocial functions of mentoring help develop the apprentice’s selfconfidence, sense of identity, and ability to cope with em