【正文】 2023年 2月 1日星期三 9時(shí) 57分 46秒 09:57:461 February 2023 ? 1一個(gè)人即使已登上頂峰，也仍要自強(qiáng)不息。 2023年 2月 1日星期三 上午 9時(shí) 57分 46秒 09:57: ? 1最具挑戰(zhàn)性的挑戰(zhàn)莫過(guò)于提升自我。勝人者有力，自勝者強(qiáng)。 :57:4609:57Feb231Feb23 ? 1越是無(wú)能的人，越喜歡挑剔別人的錯(cuò)兒。 , February 1, 2023 ? 閱讀一切好書(shū)如同和過(guò)去最杰出的人談話(huà)。 2023年 2月 1日星期三 9時(shí) 57分 46秒 09:57:461 February 2023 ? 1空山新雨后，天氣晚來(lái)秋。 。 :57:4609:57:46February 1, 2023 ? 1意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人能把世界放在手中像泥塊一樣任意揉捏。 :57:4609:57Feb231Feb23 ? 1世間成事，不求其絕對(duì)圓滿(mǎn)，留一份不足，可得無(wú)限完美。 , February 1, 2023 ? 很多事情努力了未必有結(jié)果，但是不努力卻什么改變也沒(méi)有。 2023年 2月 1日星期三 9時(shí) 57分 46秒 09:57:461 February 2023 ? 1做前，能夠環(huán)視四周；做時(shí)，你只能或者最好沿著以腳為起點(diǎn)的射線(xiàn)向前。 。 :57:4609:57:46February 1, 2023 ? 1他鄉(xiāng)生白發(fā)，舊國(guó)見(jiàn)青山。 :57:4609:57Feb231Feb23 ? 1故人江海別，幾度隔山川。 , February 1, 2023 ? 雨中黃葉樹(shù)，燈下白頭人。貨物運(yùn)輸途中，乙公司將貨物轉(zhuǎn)賣(mài)給丙公司。雙方對(duì)于該貨物的國(guó)際買(mǎi)賣(mài)均由豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)，且都與從事國(guó)際海上貨物運(yùn)輸和保險(xiǎn)的專(zhuān)業(yè)公司保持著經(jīng)常的業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系。雙方正在就貨物銷(xiāo)售合同的具體條款進(jìn)行談判。燒壞設(shè)備的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)應(yīng)由誰(shuí)承擔(dān)？ A、中國(guó) A公司 B、日本 B公司 C、船公司 D、開(kāi)證行 題六 ? 中國(guó)甲公司（賣(mài)方）與德國(guó)乙公司（買(mǎi)方）簽訂的國(guó)際貨物買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同中使用了“ CIP漢堡”貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)。依《 INCOTERMS2023》 的規(guī)定，應(yīng)由誰(shuí)來(lái)承擔(dān)該儀器的損失？ A、美國(guó)公司 B、我國(guó)某技術(shù)進(jìn)出口公司 C、船東 D、保險(xiǎn)公司 題五： 我國(guó)某 A公司與日本 B公司簽訂了一份由日方向中方提供某項(xiàng)設(shè)備的買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同，其中價(jià)格條款為 DAP。貨物在按期裝運(yùn)后，途中遇到大風(fēng)浪導(dǎo)致船舶觸礁，由于船身?yè)u擺過(guò)于劇烈導(dǎo)致該精密儀器嚴(yán)重?fù)p害，經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)，修理該儀器的費(fèi)用將超過(guò)該儀器原本價(jià)值。下列選項(xiàng)哪項(xiàng)是正確的？ A、中國(guó)公司應(yīng)向保險(xiǎn)公司提出索賠 B、德國(guó)公司應(yīng)向中國(guó)公司提出索賠 C、德國(guó)公司應(yīng)向船公司提出索賠 D、德國(guó)公司應(yīng)向保險(xiǎn)公司提出索賠 題三： 買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方采用 CIF術(shù)語(yǔ)簽訂了國(guó)際貨物買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同，合同約定裝運(yùn)港為舊金山，目的港為上海。中國(guó)公司在裝船并取得提單后辦理了議付。 ? 保險(xiǎn) ? 11個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)中只有 CIF和 CIP由賣(mài)方負(fù)責(zé)辦理貨物的投保。 ? 運(yùn)輸， E/F開(kāi)頭的術(shù)語(yǔ)均由買(mǎi)方負(fù)責(zé)尋找承運(yùn)人，自負(fù)費(fèi)用、訂立運(yùn)輸合同、安排運(yùn)輸事宜；C/D 開(kāi)頭的術(shù)語(yǔ)均由賣(mài)方負(fù)責(zé)尋找承運(yùn)人、自負(fù)費(fèi)用、訂立運(yùn)輸合同、安排運(yùn)輸事宜。 ? In these circumstances,the buyer will want to avoid paying for the same service twice:once to the seller as part of the total selling price and once independently to the carrier or the terminal Incoterms2023 rules seek to avoid this happening by clearly allocating such costs in the relevant Incoterms rules. sales ? In the sale of modities,as opposed to the sale of manufactured goods,cargo is frequently sold several times during transit”down a string”.When this happens,a seller in the middle of the string does not “ship” the goods because these have already been shipped by the first seller in the seller in the middle of the string therefore performs its obligations towards its buyer not by shipping the goods, but by “procuring”goods that have been clarification purposes, Incoterms2023 rules include the obligation to “procure goods shipped” as an alternative to the obligation to ship goods in the relevant Incoterms rules. 國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)的變通 ? Sometimes the parties want to alter an Incoterms Incoterms2023 rules do not prohibit such alternation, but there are dangers in so order to avoid any unwele surprises,the parties would need to make the intended effect of such alterations extremely clear in their ,for example,if the allocation of costs in the Incoterms2023 rules is altered in the contract, the parties should also clearly state whether they intend to vary the point at which the risk passes from seller to buyer. 六、總結(jié) ? 以 EFCD開(kāi)頭的術(shù)語(yǔ)為規(guī)律，賣(mài)方義務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)逐漸加重，而買(mǎi)房義務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)逐漸減輕。 ? Carrier:For the purpose of the Incoterms2023 rules,the carrier is the party with whom carriage is contracted. ? Customs formalities:These are requirements to be met in order to ply with any applicable customs regulations and may include documentary,security,information or physical inspection obligations. ? Delivery:This concept has multiple meanings in trade law and practice,but in the Incoterms 2023 rules,it is used to indicate where the risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes from the seller to the buyer. ? Delivery document:This phrase is now used as the heading to article means a document used to prove that delivery has many of the Incoterms 2023 rules,the delivery document is a transport document or corresponding electronic ,with EXW,FCA ,FAS,FOB,the delivery document may simply be a delivery document may also have other functions,for example as part of the mechanism for payment. ? Electronic record or procedure:A set of information consitituted of one or more electronic messages and,where applicable,being functionally equivalent with the corresponding paper document. ? Packaging:This word is used for different purposes: ? packaging of the goods to ply with any requirements under the contract of sald. ? packaging of the goods so that they are fit for transportation. ? stowage of the packaged goods within a container or other means of transport. ? In the Incoterms 2023 rules,packaging means both the first and second of the Incoterms 2023 rules do not deal with the parties’ obligations for stowage within a container and therefore,where relevant,the parties should deal with this in the sale contract. 四、 Incoterms 2023的具體內(nèi)容 ? 適用于任何一種運(yùn)輸方式或多種運(yùn)輸方式的術(shù)語(yǔ) （一） EXW（ insert named place of delivery） This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is is suitable for domestic trade,while FCA is usually more appropriate for international trade ? “EX Works”means that the seller delivers when it places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the seller?s premises or at another named place(.,works,factory,warehouse,etc.).The seller does not need to load the goods on any collecting vehicle,nor does it need to clear the goods for export,where such clearance is applicable. ? The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the point within the named place of delivery,as the costs and risks to that point are for the account of the buyer bears all costs and risks involved in taking the goods from the agreed point,if any,at the named place of delivery. ? EXW represents the minimum obligationg fo