【正文】 The Potential Performance of a Process, Corrected for an OffTarget Mean LSL USL ? ? ? Process Mean 181。 T Target A 3? Process ] The Potential Performance of a Process, if it Were on Target Long Term Capability (Cpk) Cp Cpk = Long Term Capability Ratio Example Cp = 1 (previous chart) Target = ? 181。 Z Scale of Measure Z = A Unit of Measure Equivalent to the Number of Standard Deviations that a Value is Away from the Target Value Z Values USL LSL ? ? ? = Process Mean 181。 ? ? 在動(dòng)態(tài)的真實(shí)世界中，每一件事都在不停的變化著 ?溫度 ?溼度 ?工具的磨耗 ?原料的差異 ...... ? ?乃由機(jī)率、估計(jì)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)而來(lái) 參考資料 :Evans, . (1975) : Statistical Tolerancing : The State of the Art, Part III. Shifts and Drifts. 6?的四個(gè)假設(shè) ?常態(tài)分配 ? 177。t know much about it, we cannot control it) ，那只有靠運(yùn)氣了 (If we cannot control it, we are at the mercy of chance) Why “Six Sigma”? ? Proven Successful in “QualityDemanding” Industries ., Motorola, Texas Instruments (many process steps in series) ? Proven Method to Reduce Costs ? Highly Quantitative Method – Science and Logic Instead of Gut Feel ? Includes Manufacturing Service (close to customer) and Provides Bridge to Design for Quality Concepts ? Has Support and Commitment of Top Management It Works!!! 6?有多小 ? Sigma ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? PPM 2,700 45,500 317,310 面積 一般教室 2倍 約 6甲地 約 30個(gè)天安門廣場(chǎng) 略大於臺(tái)北市 東莞市 臺(tái)灣省的面積 時(shí)間 1 秒鐘 分鐘 9 小時(shí) 半個(gè)月 約 9 個(gè)月 5 年 6Sigma 狹隘解釋 DPPM 6? Overview Sigma 3? 4? 5? 6? Spelling Money Time Misspelled Words per Page in a Book 1 Misspelled Word per 30 Pages in a Book 1 Misspelled Word in a set of Encyclopedias 1 Misspelled Word in all of the Books in a Small Library $ Million Indebtedness per $1 Billion in Assets $570 Indebtedness per $1 Billion in Assets $63,000 Indebtedness per $1 Billion in Assets $2 Indebtedness per $1 Billion in Assets 3 1/2 Months per Century 2 1/2 Days per Century 30 Minutes per Century 6 Seconds per Century 6? is Several Orders of Magnitude Better Than 3?!!! Sigma: A Measure of Quality 6?的品質(zhì)水準(zhǔn) ? DPPM , Cp=2 中心值 177。 何謂 6Sigma ? Motorola : ? 衡量指標(biāo) ? 標(biāo)竿研究 ? 願(yuàn)景 ? Philosophy ? 方法 ? 工具 ? 符號(hào) ? 目標(biāo) ? 價(jià)值 ? 2 3 4 5 6 308,537 66,807 6,210 233 . ? DPMO 可用以計(jì)算與衡量任何流程 Sigma 之另一稱呼為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差 2023年達(dá)成 6Sigma水準(zhǔn) 4, 1996 Jack Welch 變成我們文化的一部份 成為我們生活的一部份 . 59 Where Does “Six Sigma” Come From? ? Mikel J. Harry one of the Original Architects ? Previously Headed Quality Function at ABB and Motorola ? Now President/CEO of Six Sigma Academy in Phoenix, Arizona ? Has Consulted for Texas Instruments, Allied Signal (and others) ? Currently Retained by GE to Teach the Implementation, Deployment and Application of Six Sigma Concepts Tools Learning from Those Who Have had Success With 6? Will Accelerate its Implementation at GE What Does “Sigma” Mean? Sigma is a Measure of the Consistency of a Process It (?? is Also the 18th Letter in the Greek Alphabet! Motorola公司認(rèn)為數(shù)據(jù)是滿足顧客的關(guān)鍵，他 們常說(shuō)： ,那麼我們對(duì)它 所知不多 (If we cannot express what we know in numbers, we don39。 6? 簡(jiǎn)介 ?6 SIGMA 起源及主要概念 ?6 SIGMA 組織及人員認(rèn)證 ?基本統(tǒng)計(jì)應(yīng)用 ?執(zhí)行主要步驟 DMAIC ?Case Study QRA : 2023/8/27 ?The Origins of SixSigma ?It originated in the 198039。s as Motorola responded to the threat of Japanese petition which had far lower defective rates. The approach spread to AlliedSignal and to General Electric, whose Chief Executive Officer, Jack Welch, has been the most passionate advocate of SixSigma. Since introducing it worldwide in 1996, GE has made over $1 billion of cost savings. ?1979 年 ，當(dāng)時(shí) Motorola一位資深業(yè)務(wù)主管 Arthur Sundry 在高階主管會(huì)議上說(shuō)： Our quality levels really stink ! ? Six Sigma Quality Program 此名稱乃為 Motorola工程師 Bill Smith所建議，為Robert Galvin所採(cǎi)納。t know much about it) ，就無(wú)法控制它 (If we don39。?的偏移 DPPM, Cpk= 或用 DPMO (Defects Per Million Opportunities)表示 U S LL S L? ? ?3 . 4 p p m~ 0 p p m+ 1 . 5 ? s h i f t 0 ????p r o c e s sc a p a b i l i t y ? 偏移177。?偏移 ??和 ?已知 ?缺點(diǎn)乃隨意分佈，且不同零件製程相互獨(dú)立 品質(zhì)改善的流程 ? 1. 定義產(chǎn)品或服務(wù) ? 2. 鑑定顧客及其需求 ? 3. 列出滿足顧客需求所需之條件 ? 4. 定義 (規(guī)劃 )流程 ? 5. 防範(fàn)流程錯(cuò)誤並消除浪費(fèi) ? 6. 確保持續(xù)改善 廣義解釋 流程改善 (改造 )/設(shè)計(jì) SixSigma 如何創(chuàng)造不一樣局面 ? ? 願(yuàn)景 (Vision) ? 哲學(xué) (Philosophy) ? 積極目標(biāo) (Aggressive goal) ? 量化指標(biāo) (Metric, standard of measurement) ? 方法 (Method) ? 工具用於 : – 顧客焦點(diǎn) (Customer focus) – 突破性改善 (Breakthrough improvement) – 持續(xù)改善 (Continuous improvement) – 人員參與 (People Involvement) SixSigma 願(yuàn)景 ?SixSigma 的 願(yuàn)景是將我們所做的每一件事 , 透過達(dá)成 SixSigma水準(zhǔn)的表現(xiàn) , 交付世界級(jí)品質(zhì)產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)以取悅客戶 . SixSigma 哲學(xué) ?SixSigma 哲學(xué)是應(yīng)用結(jié)構(gòu)化 、 系統(tǒng)化觀點(diǎn)於我們事業(yè)各嶺域達(dá)成突破性改善 ?推行 6Sigma 之必要條件 ?重點(diǎn)攻擊 ?與變格管理相聯(lián)接 ?依核心流程 (非功能 ) 組織 黑帶或碩士級(jí)黑帶 ? 儘量聯(lián)接與事業(yè)相關(guān)重點(diǎn) , 共同與言 … ?追求即早勝利 (大且易見 ) ?支持基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) /追溯系統(tǒng) ?改變衡量系統(tǒng)以更有效推動(dòng)專案行動(dòng) ? 選擇與工作直接相關(guān)專案 ? 高層參與 克服障礙 品質(zhì)改善的流程 ? 1. 定義產(chǎn)品或服務(wù) ? 2. 鑑定顧客及其需求 ? 3. 列出滿足顧客需求所需之條件 ? 4. 定義 (規(guī)劃 )流程 ? 5. 防範(fàn)流程錯(cuò)誤並消除浪費(fèi) ? 6. 確保持續(xù)改善 SixSigma 整合改善 、 設(shè)計(jì)與績(jī)效管理方法論 SixSigma 所使用的三個(gè)主要 方法論 : 流程改善(DMAIC)、 流程設(shè)計(jì)與再設(shè)計(jì) (DFSS)與績(jī)效管理 DMAIC用以改善現(xiàn)有流程 、產(chǎn)品、服務(wù)、設(shè)計(jì)等等 DFSS用以產(chǎn)生新的流程 、產(chǎn)品、服務(wù)、設(shè)計(jì)等等 績(jī)效管理是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)用以將策略連接戰(zhàn)術(shù) 、 設(shè)定優(yōu)先順序 、資源整合 持續(xù)達(dá)成 DMAIC與DFSS目標(biāo) 流程改善 方法論 流程設(shè)計(jì)與再 設(shè)計(jì)方法論 績(jī)效管理 方法論 產(chǎn)品變異的來(lái)源 ? 設(shè)計(jì) ? 製程 ?材料元件 不適當(dāng)?shù)脑O(shè)計(jì)允差 製程管制不當(dāng) 零件材料不穩(wěn)定 6? 品質(zhì)方案的架構(gòu) ? Total Customer Satisfaction 縮短作業(yè)週期 參與式管理 Empowerment 標(biāo)竿研究 .... .... 6? Quality Program ?? ?, Cp, Cpk, Dpu QUALITY METRICS IMPROVEMENT PROCESS Identify product or services Identify customer requirements Identify your needs Define the process Mistakeproof the process and eliminate wasted effort Ensure continuous improv