【正文】
合同條款的固定模式是“terms and conditions” 再例如: “Party A wishes to be released and discharged from agreement as from the effective date”,一句中的“release”和“discharge”意思幾乎相同。For and in consideration of mutual covenants and agreements contained herein, the parties hereby covenant and agree as follows: 句中“for and in consideration of ”, “covenants and agreements”三組同義司和近義詞并列。這是出于嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)和杜絕漏洞的考慮,有的也屬于合同用語(yǔ)的固定模式。 其它例子還有: “賠償”用“indemnities”,而不用“pensation” “不動(dòng)產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)讓”用“conveyance”,而不用“transfer of real estate” “房屋出租”用“tenancy”,而“財(cái)產(chǎn)出租”用“l(fā)ease of property” “停業(yè)”用“wind up a business”或“cease (名詞是cessation) a business”,而不用“end/stop a business” 專(zhuān)利許可中的“特許權(quán)使用費(fèi)”只用“royalities” 還款或?qū)@暾?qǐng)的“寬限期”英文“grace”, “當(dāng)事人在破產(chǎn)中的和解”用“position” 以實(shí)物出資為“investment in kind” “依照合同相關(guān)規(guī)定”一般說(shuō)“pursuant to provisions contained herein”或“as provided herein”等,不說(shuō)“according to relevant terms and conditions in the contract” “合同任何一方當(dāng)事人不得轉(zhuǎn)讓本合同”英文表述為“Neither party hereto may assign this contract”,其中“hereto”表示“to the contract”,選用“Neither party to the contract”較少。另外幾乎每個(gè)合同都少不了hereinafter referred to as , whereas, in witness whereof, for and on behalf of , hereby, thereof 等虛詞。三、用詞專(zhuān)業(yè)(technical terms) 合同用詞不以大眾是否理解和接受為轉(zhuǎn)移,它是合同語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)的保障。 例如: “因?yàn)椤钡亩陶Z(yǔ)多用“by virtue of ,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于“due to”一般不用“because of ”; “財(cái)務(wù)年度末”一般用“at the close of the fiscal year”,而不用“in the end of the fiscal year”; “在……之前”一般用“prior to”,而不用“before”;“關(guān)于”常用“as regards”, “concerning”或“relating to”,而不會(huì)用“about”; “事實(shí)上”用“in effect”,而不用“in fact”; “開(kāi)始”用“mencement”,而不用“start”或“begin”; “停止做”用“cease to do”,而不用“stop to do”; “何時(shí)開(kāi)會(huì)并由某某主持”的表述為:The meeting shall be convened and presided by sb.其中“召開(kāi)”不用“hold 或call”