【正文】 s main point in paragraph 1 is that clay deposits (A) conceal layers of rock (B) can be found in various places (C) are usually small (D) must be removed from construction sites 22. It can be inferred from the passage that clay is LEAST likely to be plentiful in which of the following areas? (A) In desert sand dunes (B) In forests (C) On hillsides (D) Near rivers 23. The word accessible in line 4 is closest in meaning to (A) buried (B) improved (C) available (D) workable 24. According to the passage, rock breaks down into clay under all of the following conditions EXCEPT when (A) it is exposed to freezing and thawing (B) roots of trees force their way into cracks (C) it is bined with alkalies (D) natural forces wear away the Earth39。s exposed rocky crust into smaller and smaller pieces that eventually bee clay. (10) Rocks are posed of elements and pounds of elements. Feldspar, which is the most abundant mineral on the Earth39。 or look at a construction site, where pockets of clay may be exposed. Rivers also reveal clay Line along their banks, and erosion on a hillside may make clay easily accessible. (5) What is clay made of? The Earth39。 words. Questions 2129 Under the Earth39。s ability to prehend language (C) How babies perceive and respond to the human voice in their earliest stages of language development (D) The response of babies to sounds other than the human voice 11. Why does the author mention a bell and a rattle in lines 45 ? (A) To contrast the reactions of babies to human and nonhuman sounds (B) To give examples of sounds that will cause a baby to cry (C) To explain how babies distinguish between different nonhuman sounds (D) To give examples of typical toys that babies do not like 12. Why does the author mention syllables pronounced with rising and falling inflections in lines 78 ? (A) To demonstrate how difficult it is for babies to interpret emotions (B) To illustrate that a sixweekold baby can already distinguish some language differences (C) To provide an example of ways adults speak to babies (D) To give a reason for babies39。 emotional states and behavior. Long before they (10) develop actual language prehension, babies can sense when an adult is playful or angry, attempting to initiate or terminate new behavior, and so on, merely on the basis of cues such as the rate, volume, and melody of adult speech. Adults make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating such cues. One researcher observed babies and their mothers in six diverse cultures and (15) found that, in all six languages, the mothers used simplified syntax, short utterances and nonsense sounds, and transformed certain sounds into baby talk. Other investigators have noted that when mothers talk to babies who are only a few months old, they exaggerate the pitch, loudness, and intensity of their words. They also exaggerate their facial expressions, hold vowels longer, and emphasize certain words. (20) More significant for language development than their response to general intonation is observation that tiny babies can make relatively fine distinctions between speech sounds. other words, babies enter the world with the ability to make precisely those perceptual discriminations that are necessary if they are to acquire aural language. Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input, too: even as young as nine months (25) they will listen to songs or stories, although the words themselves are beyond their understanding. For babies, language is a sensorymotor delight rather than the route to prosaic meaning that it often is for adults. does the passage mainly discuss? (A) How babies differentiate between the sound of the human voice and other sounds (B) The differences between a baby39。s life, from childhood to death. Epic tales of heroic deeds, seasonal songs relating to (25) calendar events, and occupational songs are also likely to be sung. 1. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) Themes monly found in folk music (B) Elements that define folk music (C) Influences of folk music on popular music (D) The standards of the International Folk Music Council 2. Which of the following statements about the term folk song is supported by the passage? (A) It has been used for several centuries. (B) The International Folk Music Council invented it. (C) It is considered to be outofdate. (D) There is disagreement about its meaning. 3. The word it in line 8 refers to (A) munity (B) song (C) acceptance (D) memory 4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a characteristic of the typical folk song? (A) It is constantly changing over time. (B) it is passed on to other people by being performed. (C) It contains plex musical structures. (D) It appeals to many people. 5. The word subjected in line 9 is closest in meaning to (A) reduced (B) modified (C) exposed (D) imitated 6. The author mentions the farm laborer and his friends (lines 1014) in order to do which of the following? (A) Explain how a folk song evolves over time (B) Illustrate the importance of music to rural workers (C) Show how subject matter is selected for a folk song (D) Demonstrate how a munity, chooses a folk song 7. According to the passage, why would the original posers of folk songs be forgotten? (A) Audiences prefer songs posed by professional musicians. (B) Singers dislike the decorative touches in folk song tunes. (C) Numerous variations of folk songs e to exist at the same time. (D) Folk songs are not considered an important form of music. 8. The word essence in line 16 is closest in meaning to (A) basic nature (B) growing importance (C) full extent (D) first phase 9. The author mentions that published music is not considered to be folk music because (A) the original poser c