【正文】 注意 : 1. 詞數(shù) 100 左右； 2. 行文連貫，語(yǔ)篇完整； 3. 文中不得透露個(gè)人真實(shí)信息。 寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn) : 1. 霧霾 (smog)帶來(lái)的危害 。最近 你所居住的城市的霧霾嚴(yán)重影響了人們的生活。 2. 只允許修改 10 處 , 多者 (從第 11 處起 )不計(jì)分。 修改 :在錯(cuò)的詞下畫(huà)一橫線 , 并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。 增加 :在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào) (∧ ), 并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。文中共有 10 處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤 , 每句中最多有兩處。 good luck and prayers are carried around the world by the wind. In the 13th century, ships began to hang flags. Not only ___66____ vessels display their national flags, but sailors also ___67____ (use) flags to signal to other boats. Throughout history, the purpose __68____ usage of flags have grown. However, flags are no longer carried into battle. This is simply ___69____ the people who carry them would be in too much ___70_____ (dangerous). 第四部分 寫(xiě)作 (共兩節(jié) , 滿分 35分 ) 第一節(jié) 短文改錯(cuò) (共 10 小題 。 每小題 1. 5 分 , 滿分 15 分 )[來(lái)源 :學(xué)科網(wǎng) ] 閱讀下面材料 , 在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容 (1 個(gè)單詞 )或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 每小題 1. 5 分 , 滿分 30分 ) 閱讀下面短文 , 從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng) (A、 B、 C 和 D)中 , 選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。科167。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 they constantly, daily express our character and produce effectiveness or ineffectiveness. As Horace Mann, a great educator, once said, “A habit is like a cable. We weave a strand(線 )of it every day and soon it cannot be broken. ”I personally do not agree with the last part of his expression. I know habits can be learne d and unlearned. And I also know it isn’t a quick fix. It involves a process and tremendous(巨大的 )devotion. Some of us who watched the lunar voyage of Apollo 11 were shocked as they saw the first men walk on the moon and return to the earth. But to get there, those astronauts had to break out of the tremendous pull of gravity of the earth. More energy was spent in the first few minutes of liftoff in the first few miles of travel than was used over the next several days to travel half a million miles. Habits, too, have tremendous pull. However, most people don’t realize or admit it. Getting rid of bad habits really requires great willpower and some changes in our lives. Liftoff takes tremendous effort, but once we break out of the pull of gravity, we can enjoy unprecedented(空前的 )freedom. Like any natural force, the pull of gravity can work with us or against us. The pull of some of our habits may currently be keeping us from going wherever we want to go. But it is also the pull of gravity that keeps our world together and keeps the plas in their orbits and our universe in order. It is powerful force, and if we use it effectively, we can create cohesiveness(凝聚力 )to establish effectiveness in our lives. 29. Why did the author quote the saying in the first paragraph? A. To show the author was a wise man. B. To support the author’s opinion about the habit. C. Because a great educator asked the author to do it. D. Because the author liked the old saying very much. 30. Why does the author say habits have powerful effects on our lives? A. Because habits can constantly affect our character. B. Because habits can be learned and unlearned. C. Because you can reap a character by sowing a habit. D. Because a habit is like a cable and useful to our life. 31. What does the writer mean by referring to gravity pull? A. Ridding bad habits needs great willpower. B. Breaking the gravity pull means enjoying freedom. C. To prove that the habits can work with us or against us. D. The gravity pull is very important in our lives. 32. Which can be the best title for this passage? A. Forming a good character is important B. The importance of the pull of gravity C. Excellence is not an act but a habit D. The powerful factors of habits D Chimps(黑猩猩 ) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能 ) to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children. who are able from a young age to gather their own food. In the laboratory, chimps don’t naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no great effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull at random he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish. Human children, on the other hand are extremely cooperative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving mon goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help. There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught .but naturally possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have start