【正文】
。紡織品和服裝產(chǎn)量的增加,在發(fā)展進(jìn)程中成為一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的因素,那些已經(jīng)證明了自己在世界紡織品和服裝市場(chǎng)的快速增長中最為成功的國家也是在保持低成本,高效益中做的最成功的。Most of the variables contribute to explaining the variation in export performance大多數(shù)變量的表現(xiàn)有助于解釋變異出口。時(shí)間段:I967 1974 1973 level 1973年的水平 (1973 : Sal/Emp)The value of the ratio of employee wages and 員工工資的價(jià)值比例,1973年雇員人數(shù)的薪金為美元轉(zhuǎn)換成 Factor e/ficiency效益因子over time (AVA/Emp) 隨著時(shí)間的推移 加入期間員工人數(shù)The annual average percent change in the ratio of real change in value added to number of employees Time period: 19671974每年的變化值平均水平的實(shí)際變化率時(shí)間:1967年至1974年 1973 level 1973年的水平 (1973 : VA/Emp The value of value added per employee for 1973 converted into US dollars using the average market value of dollars per unit of local currency for 1973 1973年每名員工附加值的價(jià)值用當(dāng)?shù)刎泿诺氖袌?chǎng)價(jià)格來轉(zhuǎn)化成美元后的價(jià)值。表4定義每個(gè)變量作為一種獨(dú)立的變量。所選經(jīng)濟(jì)行業(yè)的總勞工成本是按總名義薪金計(jì)算出來, 而后者的算法是以員工平均名義薪金指數(shù)乘以各有關(guān)行業(yè)的總就業(yè)人數(shù)。在許多不同的國家之間最常見的增量資本產(chǎn)出率=投資增加量/生產(chǎn)總值增加量即投資與增量產(chǎn)出之比 ICOR measures the additional output associated with each increase in gross fixed capital 1. Unit Labor Cost. 單位勞工成本。然而Again, because good data are available, both the rate of change over time and the absolute level can be used for ,因?yàn)榫_的數(shù)據(jù),無論是水平的變動(dòng)率隨時(shí)間和絕對(duì)可以被用于比較。 Stern, 1977]. [Lipsey和Weiss,1973。平均每名雇員的附加值是衡量相對(duì)于每名工人所在單位的人力資本和設(shè)備投入的輸出的價(jià)值的一個(gè)好的方法。效益因子這是很難分開輸入各因素的貢獻(xiàn)的。 It is feasible to pare both the rate of change of employee pensation over time and the absolute level of employee pensation in any given year 這是比較可行的,無論是斯特恩,1977]。 Differences in returns reflect both different supply situations and different levels of education, experience, and skill [Lipsey and Weiss, 1973。The measures used in this study will be similar to those used in a number of studies of overall manufacturing petitiveness. 在這項(xiàng)研究中使用的措施將類似于那些采用一整套數(shù)字研究整體的制造業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。 capital and labor are not homogenous。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要素比例模型中假定沒有規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì),而且通常有兩種同質(zhì)的生產(chǎn)要素勞動(dòng)力和資本資本的The cost of capital should be roughly equal to efficient producers in any country, who can pete in international export markets (though producers in certain countries will have a harder time convincing lenders of future prospects).成本應(yīng)大致等于在任何國家生產(chǎn)商的效益,那些可以在國際出口市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)生產(chǎn)商(盡管在某些國家,生產(chǎn)者將會(huì)很難說服貸款人對(duì)未來前景)因此,勞動(dòng)力成