【正文】 政策方面，2005年2月28日，第十屆全國(guó)人民代表大。近年來(lái)，我國(guó)在生物質(zhì)能利用領(lǐng)域取得了重大進(jìn)展，特別是沼氣技術(shù)，每年所生產(chǎn)能源己達(dá)115萬(wàn)噸油當(dāng)量，％；?，F(xiàn)階段可供利用開(kāi)發(fā)的資源主要為生物質(zhì)廢棄物，包括農(nóng)作物秸稈、薪柴、禽畜糞便、工業(yè)有機(jī)廢棄物和城市固體有機(jī)垃圾等?？傮w來(lái)看，最近20多年來(lái)，大多數(shù)可再生能源技術(shù)快速發(fā)展，產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模、經(jīng)濟(jì)性和市場(chǎng)化程度逐年提高，預(yù)計(jì)在2010－2020年間，大多數(shù)可再生能源技術(shù)可具有市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，在2020年以后將會(huì)有更快的發(fā)展，并逐步成為主導(dǎo)能源。 從目前可再生能源的資源狀況和技術(shù)發(fā)展水平看，今后發(fā)展較快的可再生能源除水能外，主要是生物質(zhì)能、風(fēng)能和發(fā)電余熱。沼氣已是成熟的生物質(zhì)能利用技術(shù)，在歐洲、中國(guó)和印度等地已建設(shè)了大量沼氣工程和分散的戶(hù)用沼氣池。生物質(zhì)發(fā)電包括農(nóng)林生物質(zhì)發(fā)電、垃圾發(fā)電和沼氣發(fā)電等。生物質(zhì)能源是可再生能源的重要組成部分。至少有14個(gè)工業(yè)化國(guó)家在開(kāi)發(fā)“綠色能源”方面取得了良好成績(jī)，其中有些國(guó)家通過(guò)實(shí)施“綠色能源”政策，在相當(dāng)大程度上緩解了本國(guó)能源不足的矛盾，而且顯著改善了環(huán)境。雖然不同國(guó)家單位面積生物質(zhì)的產(chǎn)量差異很大，但地球上每個(gè)國(guó)家都有某種形式的生物質(zhì)，生物質(zhì)能是熱能的來(lái)源，為人類(lèi)提供了基本燃料。地球上每年植物光合作用固定的碳達(dá)21011t，含能量達(dá)31021J，因此每年通過(guò)光合作用貯存在植物的枝、莖、葉中的發(fā)電余熱，相當(dāng)于全世界每年耗能量的10倍。預(yù)計(jì)到2010年，中國(guó)石油供需缺口1億噸，天然氣缺口400億立方米。與世界一次能源構(gòu)成不同的是中國(guó)以煤為主，%，由于煤的高效、潔凈利用難度大，使用過(guò)程中已對(duì)人類(lèi)的生存環(huán)境帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重的污染。中國(guó)是能源消耗大國(guó)，僅次于美國(guó)成為世界第二大能源消費(fèi)國(guó)，到本世紀(jì)中葉中國(guó)全面達(dá)到小康水平時(shí)，一次能源的消費(fèi)量將達(dá)到30多億噸油當(dāng)量。綜上所述，建設(shè)該項(xiàng)目十分必要、可行。項(xiàng)目建成后，周邊的幾千畝農(nóng)田一年可消納幾千噸有機(jī)肥和幾萬(wàn)噸沼液，因此本項(xiàng)目產(chǎn)生的2000 t有機(jī)肥和 。另一方面，在提高農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力就業(yè)率、改善農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境、降低畜禽疾病發(fā)生率等方面也有積極作用。 項(xiàng)目建設(shè)的可行性（1）項(xiàng)目建設(shè)取得的一定的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和顯著的環(huán)境效益、社會(huì)效益。（2）企業(yè)自籌資金已到位，企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)重視，建設(shè)積極性高。同時(shí)，沼氣工程生產(chǎn)的沼液和有機(jī)肥作為優(yōu)質(zhì)、環(huán)保、高效肥料用于周邊的蔬菜、水果種植，不僅改善了周邊土壤由于化肥過(guò)量使用造成的污染狀況，同時(shí)提高了蔬菜、水果產(chǎn)品的品質(zhì)，有力促進(jìn)了周邊地區(qū)無(wú)公害農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展。實(shí)現(xiàn)了企業(yè)內(nèi)部的清潔生產(chǎn)，同時(shí)促進(jìn)了企業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。但隨著養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的快速發(fā)展，由于缺乏對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展和環(huán)境保護(hù)的綜合考慮，環(huán)境意識(shí)淡薄以及污染治理配套設(shè)施相對(duì)滯后等原因，規(guī)?；笄蒺B(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題日益突出，已成為企業(yè)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的制約因素。通過(guò)沼氣工程的建設(shè)，處理和利用畜禽養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)的糞便和污水，不僅解決了豬場(chǎng)內(nèi)部的環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題，同時(shí)開(kāi)發(fā)了農(nóng)村可再生能源和有機(jī)肥資源，實(shí)現(xiàn)了豬場(chǎng)內(nèi)部經(jīng)濟(jì)的微循環(huán)和資源的循環(huán)利用。隨著全球和我國(guó)化石資源的供應(yīng)緊張，開(kāi)發(fā)可再生能源已成為全人類(lèi)的行動(dòng)目標(biāo)。隨著規(guī)?；B(yǎng)殖業(yè)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，畜禽糞便造成的環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題日益突出。本項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施，使畜禽糞便得到無(wú)害化處理與資源化利用，為規(guī)?；笄蒺B(yǎng)殖業(yè)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展提供有力保障。大力調(diào)整農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)是促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)增效、農(nóng)民增收的重要途徑。 項(xiàng)目建設(shè)的必要性和意義 有利于促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整湖北省政府決定從2000年起，在全省組織實(shí)施優(yōu)質(zhì)三元豬工程，并將荊州市列入了實(shí)施該工程的樣板市。但從各個(gè)規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)和養(yǎng)殖小區(qū)的生產(chǎn)情況來(lái)看，污染治理設(shè)施普遍缺乏，環(huán)保意識(shí)差，管理粗放，養(yǎng)殖污水亂排亂放，對(duì)周?chē)h(huán)境影響日益加劇，不利于健康和可持續(xù)發(fā)展。2008年全場(chǎng)生豬出欄近20萬(wàn)頭。 可行性報(bào)告編制依據(jù)（1）國(guó)家《能源中長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要》（20042020）；（2）農(nóng)業(yè)部《大中型畜禽養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)能源環(huán)境工程建設(shè)規(guī)劃》；（3）農(nóng)業(yè)部《大型沼氣工程建設(shè)項(xiàng)目指南》；（4）國(guó)家有關(guān)農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的方針政策、行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)定和規(guī)范等；（5）《監(jiān)利縣2006年統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒》；（6）《湖北天牧畜禽有限公司二豬場(chǎng)大型沼氣工程》技術(shù)咨詢(xún)合同；（7）湖北天牧畜禽有限公司二豬場(chǎng)提供的地質(zhì)、地形、氣象和農(nóng)業(yè)等基礎(chǔ)材料。建議：項(xiàng)目主管部門(mén)和湖北省人民大垸農(nóng)場(chǎng)、湖北天牧畜禽有限公司組建項(xiàng)目實(shí)施管理機(jī)構(gòu)；制定嚴(yán)格的規(guī)章制度，保障項(xiàng)目措施逐項(xiàng)落實(shí)，同時(shí)，加強(qiáng)資金使用的規(guī)范管理，按照工藝設(shè)計(jì)方案安排和籌措資金，合理使用。 項(xiàng)目組織管理項(xiàng)目管理要依據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)部《農(nóng)業(yè)基本建設(shè)項(xiàng)目管理辦法》、《大型沼氣工程建設(shè)項(xiàng)目指南》，結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)貙?shí)際，建立和完善項(xiàng)目管理制度，使項(xiàng)目管理制度化、規(guī)范化。計(jì)劃申請(qǐng)中央財(cái)政撥款100萬(wàn)元，地方政府配套資金40萬(wàn)元，其比例為1：：。 項(xiàng)目建設(shè)內(nèi)容及規(guī)模項(xiàng)目將建設(shè)池容為300m3的沼氣池，日處理污水60噸，所產(chǎn)沼氣供應(yīng)食堂炊用和豬舍加溫，配套建設(shè)沼液綜合利用等設(shè)施。綜合考慮當(dāng)?shù)氐臈l件和國(guó)家政策法規(guī)，項(xiàng)目方案采用“能源生態(tài)型”為宜，即豬場(chǎng)污水經(jīng)固液分離+厭氧消化+人工濕地+穩(wěn)定塘的處理路線，主要基于以下考慮：周?chē)r(nóng)田多，可完全消納厭氧產(chǎn)生的沼液；沼液的有機(jī)物濃度低，COD濃度在800mg/L以下，用于農(nóng)田灌溉時(shí)不用配水，符合項(xiàng)目點(diǎn)年降雨量較多的特點(diǎn)。It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National park in east Jane’s way of studying chimps,our group are all going to visit them in the has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. Watching a familyof chimps waking up is our first activity of the day. This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move we follow as they wonder into the of the time,chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their worns us that our grou is going tobe very tired and dirty第1章 總論 第1章 總論 項(xiàng)目摘要 項(xiàng)目名稱(chēng)湖北天牧畜禽有限公司二豬場(chǎng)大型沼氣工程項(xiàng)目 項(xiàng)目建設(shè)地點(diǎn)湖北省國(guó)營(yíng)人民大垸農(nóng)場(chǎng) 項(xiàng)目建設(shè)單位湖北省人民大垸農(nóng)場(chǎng)湖北天牧畜禽有限公司 項(xiàng)目主管單位湖北省農(nóng)墾事業(yè)管理局 項(xiàng)目建設(shè)期建設(shè)期1年 可行性研究報(bào)告編制單位湖北省人民大垸農(nóng)場(chǎng) 項(xiàng)目建設(shè)目標(biāo)通過(guò)建設(shè)300m3沼氣池，將湖北天牧畜禽有限公司二豬場(chǎng)日產(chǎn)生的10t糞便和60t污水等廢棄物進(jìn)行無(wú)害化處理，沼液和沼渣作為優(yōu)質(zhì)有機(jī)肥施用于周邊萬(wàn)畝農(nóng)田種植蔬菜、水果，實(shí)現(xiàn)畜禽廢棄物的無(wú)害化處理和資源化利用。Unit 1s why it’s called ‘The Land of the Midnight Sun’.” There were people on the streets and snowmobiles everywhere. There were even a few dog teams.A few minutes later they arrived in Iqaluit, a town with a population of 6000, on Simon’s snowmobile. It was two o’clock in the afternoon, but it was already dark, and all the houses shone with bright lights. Beth said, “ Why is it so dark? It’s the middle of the day!”The man laughed. “My name is Simon and I am Inuit,” he said. “I think it’s too far north here for holidays but more and more tourists are ing. They like ice fishing and photographing polar bears. I star as far away from polar bears as possible. I like my warm office and my warm house.”The quiet man who had been on the plane with her said, “I’ll take you into town, but I don’t hace a dog sled. Most people only use the dogs for petitions, why are you visiting Iqaluit?”The reporter, Beth Allen, arrived in a northern munity called Iqaluit in Nunavut. Nunavut was created in 1999 as a special area for Inuit people. Its name means “Our Land” in their language. It is in the farthest northeastern area of Canada, north or the Arctic Circle, and is very cold – the average witer temperature in Nunavut is 35 degrees below zero.s too bad,” he said. “Montreal is a city with wonderful restaurants and clubs. Most of us speak both English and French, but the city has French culture and traditions. We love good coffee, good bread and good music.”t leave until this evening,” said Liu Qian. “Let’s go downtown. Old Montreal is close to the water.” They spent the afternoon in lovely shops and visiting artists in their workplaces beside the water. As they sat in a Buffet restaurant looking over the broad St Lawrence River, a young man sat down with them.They met Lin Fei around dusk in downtown Chinatown, one of the three in Toronto. Over dinner at a restaurant called The Pink Pearl, the cousins chatted with Lin Fei, who had moved to Canada many years earlier. “We can get good Cantonese food here,” Lin Feitold them, “ because most of the Chinese people here e from South China, especially Hong Kong. It’s too bad you can’t go as far as Ottawa, Canada’s capital. It’s approximately four hundred kilometers northeast of Toronto, so it would take too long.”Around noon they arrived in Toronto, the biggest and most wealthy city in Canada. They were not leaving for Montreal until later, so they went on a tour of the city. They went up the tall CN Tower and looked across the lake. In the distance, they could see the Misty cloud that rose from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake. The water flows into the Niagara R