【正文】 CCD是應(yīng)用在攝影、攝像方面的高端技術(shù)元件，采用CCD感光元件的攝像頭在各方面 的性能表現(xiàn)都不錯(cuò)，具有成像靈敏度高、抗震動(dòng)、體積小等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。清洗過(guò)程通常涉及連接大型高效空氣過(guò)濾真空的空氣輸送系統(tǒng)，或系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)部分，以創(chuàng)建一個(gè)負(fù)壓力并將污染物除去，因此沒(méi)有污染物可以進(jìn)入空氣輸送系統(tǒng)。％的效率用完高效空氣,。 設(shè)備和技術(shù)進(jìn)步 風(fēng)管清洗設(shè)備已演變對(duì)主要來(lái)源去除的原則，即去除空氣輸送系統(tǒng)的可見(jiàn)污染物。 NADCA自其成立以來(lái)，其成員制定的行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以及民航系統(tǒng)的清洗專家（先進(jìn)的結(jié)構(gòu)陶瓷）的認(rèn)證方案，其中包括繼續(xù)教育和培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃。為保證風(fēng)管清洗后能均勻而徹底的消毒，還需用帶攝像頭的噴霧機(jī)器人，對(duì)風(fēng)管進(jìn)行消毒，目的是使消毒均勻且不遺漏，從而確保消毒的徹底性。沉積下來(lái)的污垢在適當(dāng)?shù)臏囟群瓦m度下滋生微生物，并且成為富集各類污染物的載體。通風(fēng)管道是整個(gè)空調(diào)通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)的主干，新風(fēng)及混合后的空調(diào)風(fēng)通過(guò)風(fēng)管傳送到各個(gè)工作生活空間，且由于安裝工程的問(wèn)題風(fēng)管也可能會(huì)存在各種各樣的施工垃圾。 清潔的空氣輸送系統(tǒng)的好處包括減輕了居民的室內(nèi)空氣污染，給居住者帶來(lái)健康和舒適的良好環(huán)境，并可能通過(guò)有效的控制機(jī)械部件使其更有效和持久的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，從而減少能源成本。然而，活動(dòng)的微生物生長(zhǎng)存在應(yīng)該引起關(guān)注，因?yàn)樗赡軙?huì)影響室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量，造成一些人的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。還有那些肉眼看不見(jiàn)的微生物污染如面包霉菌，霉菌和土壤真菌等，這些也可以通過(guò)適當(dāng)?shù)那鍧嵑拖咎幚矶鴱目照{(diào)系統(tǒng)中消除。 暖通空調(diào)或通風(fēng)管清潔的目標(biāo)是從整個(gè)空氣運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)消除這些可見(jiàn)污染物如灰塵，碎片和水分，從而使空氣在潔凈的表面?zhèn)鬟f。雖然大多數(shù)的室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量問(wèn)題可以追溯到空氣輸送的物理系統(tǒng)之外，但是很大一部分室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量問(wèn)題至少在空氣輸送系統(tǒng)條件這部分可以追查，而這問(wèn)題的癥結(jié)直指空氣傳輸工具即是通風(fēng)管道本身。s technological advancement within the last 10 years, one simply has to examine the vast extent of equipment that is now available and used during air duct cleaning.Inspection DevicesInspection devices are used to inspect the inside of the AHU and/or ductwork for debris, contamination, and serviceability. The optical bore scope is one such device that is used for direct viewing. The bores cope is placed through an existing opening, such as a vent opening, or a service opening is created and the scope is placed into the area to be inspected. Scopes normally have at least a 115 watt light source, a standard 40 degree field of view and can accept a 35mm camera or a digital camera for documentation purposes. Fiber optic scopes and video scopes operate on the same principal as the optical bore scope. In addition to the above, they can be pushed into the ductwork and can actually be manipulated around obstacles and maneuvered to specific sections of the ductwork. A closed circuit television (CCTV) camera system is used to remotely direct the head of the system and a video recorder, with voice, can also be attached for documentation purposes. Remote controlled robotic equipment can be driven through the ductwork and has all of the advantages as the previously stated inspection equipment. Robotic equipment es in all shapes and sizes and looks similar to toy army tanks with their treaded wheels. Robots can have two cameras, one forward, for entry in to the ductwork, and one reverse, for exiting. Robots can also be used for cleaning, spraying and sampling operations.Vacuum Collection DevicesThere are basically two types of vacuum collection devices: Highefficiency Particle Air (HEPA) filtered (which filter the air via HEPA filters, where the air enters an occupied space) and NonHEPAfiltered (which filter the air into unoccupied spaces, normally outside the building). HEPAfiltered vacuums are very efficient vacuums in fact, HEPA filters are used in clean rooms and hospital operating rooms. They filter % of particles which are microns (about one onehundredth of a pencil dot) and larger. Large HEPAfiltered vacuums, monly called negative air collectors or negative air machines, are used to place the portion of the system under a negative pressure. This ensures that any dust or debris in the system is drawn into the vacuum and not allowed to enter the occupied space. Negative air collectors have a staged filter system with the final stage being the HEPA filter. Portable HEPAfiltered vacuums, which look and operate similar to shopvases, are used to hand vacuum or direct contact vacuum, the AHU and/or the ductwork. There are also HEPAfiltered wet vacuums for removing and containing contaminated water monly found in drain pans and in ductwork that has been flooded. NonHEPAfiltered vacuums are monly used to create a negative pressure and move materials. Their static pressure capabilities are extremely high because they are not very well filtered and, therefore, are placed outside of occupied spaces, normally outside the building. The basic concept of their use in the cleaning process is the same as described above and they can be used to vacuum bulk materials such as blownin insulation. A Central air condition duct clean robot is a mechanical system, which can walk automatically inside a pipe. It works in central air condition pipes under the control of an operator with a remote device. Base on the results which have been made in this area so far, the author made a prehensive study on some theoretical and practical problems for a special type pipe robot.Continued Essential TechnologyRemote controlled robotic equipment has the attributes noted above in the inspection section and can be fitted with spinning brushes, directional air nozzles and air whips, sample collection devices, and spraying attachments for spraying sanitizing solutions or various coatings. Robots are invaluable in difficult to access areas. They may preempt a situation in which access through a plaster ceiling is considered or the use of scaffolding or lifts. Electric and pneumatic tools are operated by their respective power sources, electricity and pressed air. Both categories include spinning brushes that remove debris from the surface of the duct. The debris is then drawn into a negative air collector or it is hand vacuumed. One bination cleaning device has an electrically power brush at the end of the HEPAfiltered vacuum hose. As the debris is loosened, it is simultaneously vacuumed. Pneumatic tools include blowguns, directional air skippers and air whips which agitate, loosen and push (with pressed air) the debris toward the negative air collector which is pulling the debris into it. (This is called the push pull technique.) Spraying devices are used to apply sanitizers and coatings. Airless sprayers are monly used for this purpose. A technician can physically spray the solution from a service access or a spray cart or robot can be used for sprayi