第四章--國(guó)會(huì)(參考版)
2024-08-05 15:34本頁(yè)面
【正文】 s every day lives ? 3) Congress was not designed to move quickly and efficiently. ? 4) The legislative process is dynamic and plex. ? 5) The country needs more politicians. 政治家的建議 ? 6) Members of Congress behave better than people think. ? 7) Members of Congress do pay attention to their constituents. ? 8) Citizens play an essential role in making Congress work. ? 9) Congress needs a lot of improvement. ? 10) Our representative democracy works. 政治家的建議 ? Money chase. ? Perpetual campaign ? Ease of reelection ? Partisanship ? Influence of special interests ? Weakening of mittees ? Failure to think longterm ? Decline in oversight ? Scheduling practices ? Appropriations process ? Restrictive rules ? Senate confirmation of appointments ? Ceding too much power to the President: 。 and . in the Senate, . . 160. 第五節(jié) 國(guó)會(huì)的議事程序 ? Types of Legislation ? Simple Resolutions. Simple resolutions do not bee law. They speak on behalf of one chamber only. They need only pass in that one chamber. A simple House resolution might be used to create a new House mittee. A simple Senate resolution might be introduced to express the opinion, or the sense of the Senate on a matter. Simple resolutions in each chamber are offered to amend that body’s standing rules. Simple resolutions are numbered . in the House, . . 249。 and S. in the Senate, . S. 300. ? Joint Resolutions. These also bee law. Again this requires passage in both the House and Senate, as well as Presidential approval. Joint Resolutions are numbered . in the House (. . 633)。s Senators for scheduled floor votes and quorum calls, and substituting for the Majority or Minority Leader as needed on the Senate floor. The full extent of their duties depends on their relationship with their party39。s agenda overall. 參議院多數(shù)黨黨鞭 Senate Majority Whip (Mitch McConnell, RKY) ? Chief Assistant to the Majority Leader. The assistant leaders are responsible for keeping track of how their party39。s chief liaison in the Senate. He stays in continuous contact with his party39。s daily floor proceedings to ensure that his party39。s policy priorities and seeks to insert them into the Senate39。s annual and daily legislative schedule, in consultation with the Senate Minority Leader. He has the authority to adjourn and recess the Senate39。s leaders how Republican Members intend to vote on uping bills. He has a team of Members who act as his assistants, gathering intelligence on Members39。s legislative and political responses to the majority39。 第四節(jié) 國(guó)會(huì)的結(jié)構(gòu)和組織 ? 一、立法機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)部的制約與平衡 ? 參議院：平等體現(xiàn)各州利益，抑制過(guò)度民主行為 ? 眾議院：以人數(shù)為依據(jù)，體現(xiàn)多數(shù)人意志 ? 一院制與兩院制的比較 ? （ 1） 一院制：效率高、耗資少，有利于提高立法機(jī)構(gòu)質(zhì)量 ? （ 2）兩院制：體現(xiàn)聯(lián)邦主義、可以分工處理更多的事務(wù)、相互制約 第四節(jié) 國(guó)會(huì)的結(jié)構(gòu)和組織 ? 二、國(guó)會(huì)的組織 ? 奇數(shù)年的 1月召開全體大會(huì)，建立本屆國(guó)會(huì)的組織，修改或重新制訂規(guī)則 ? 選拔領(lǐng)袖 ? 工作兩年 眾議院議長(zhǎng) Speaker of the House (Dennis Hastert, RIL) ? The Speaker is both the presiding officer of the House of Representatives and the leader of the majority party. He is also second to the VicePresident in the line of succession to the Presidency. The Speaker plans and implements the legislative age
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