【正文】 mon sense39。translates 39。 pole39。match39。參考文獻(xiàn)[1]:冶金工業(yè)出版社,1984[2]達(dá)維多夫ВИ,:中國工業(yè)出版社,19623[3] 任嘉卉，李建平，王之棟，[4] 吉林工業(yè)大學(xué)，吉林工學(xué)院，（上冊）.[5] [6]李景方,1994 1 :31～347[7]習(xí)榮堂,李景方, 自然科學(xué)版 ,1995,16 6 :593～597[8] ：遼寧科技出版社，1993[9] （第四版）.[10] [11] 吳宗澤主編 .機械設(shè)計師手冊（上、下）.北京：機械工業(yè)出版社,2001,1[12] 東北大學(xué)機械零件設(shè)計手冊〉〉：冶金工業(yè)出版社，1995[13]王殿剛,楊和林 鑄鐵軋輥生產(chǎn) 北京:冶金工業(yè)出版社,1988 4[14]陸文華 鑄鐵及其熔煉 北京:機械工業(yè)出版社,1981 5[15]俞誓達(dá)等 實用軋輥制造技術(shù) 鋼鐵研究學(xué)報,1992增刊附 錄一、 光盤內(nèi)容二、翻 譯Generator and Electrical EquipmentsGeneratorIntroduction Electric generators convert mechanical energy to electrical energy, which is more easily transmitted to remotely located points of application. The first large electric generating systems used directcurrent (dc) generators, mainly because direct current was better understood than alternating current (ac). However, dc generators are limited to generating power at relatively low voltages, largely due to problems at their mutates. As power networks developed, higher and higher voltages were required to transmit large blocks of power over longer and longer distances. Electric transformers can easily change the normally low voltage generated to the high voltages needed for efficient power transmission, and of course, transformers only work on alternating current. Ac generators, or alternators as they are monly called, are so much simpler mechanically, so much more efficient, and require so much less maintenance than dc machines that all large generating plants output alternating current today. Although de transmission lines can transport extremely large blocks of power very efficiently over long distances, the power is always generated as alternating current, transformed to the voltage required, rectified and transmitted as direct current, and then inverted back to alternating current at the point of application.Mechanical Energy The mechanical energy for driving the generator must be derived from a source with enough reliability and capacity to make it economically feasible to develop and transmit the energy electrically to the point of use. A small water supply running only during exceptionally wet years or located at a great distance from electrical consumers would probably not be suitable. Mechanical energy sources which cannot be moved, such as hydraulic turbines or even wind machines, must have the cost of transporting the energy produced (among other factors) taken into account when overall costs are calculated. Steamturbine power plants, however, can be located near a coal seam, lumber mill, or a reliable source of cooling water to save on transportation costs. Some mechanical power may be obtained from sources more easily located near the point of utilization. Gas turbines and reciprocating gas or diesel engines fall into this category. Except for standby emergency power generators, even here it might be more economical to install large units and transmit the power to the point of use. Large power plants will generally have better operating efficiencies than small ones, and it may be desirable to locate a large plant near the center of use and then distribute the power generated outward, assuming the fuel supply is transportable.Each type of mechanical driver has its own peculiarities, and some have a sizable impact on the generator configuration. There are marked differences as to the engine output Speeds available, the speed pulsations possible, the chances of overspeed , etc..Normally, the generator shaft is horizontal and directconnected to the driver. Sometimes speedchanging gear boxes are installed between a highspeed turbine and a lower – speed generator. These allow the turbine to run at its most efficient speed, a speed that may be too high for the generator. Small hydraulic turbines usually have their shafts mounted horizontally。為即將結(jié)束的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生活畫上了一個圓滿的句號。今后在設(shè)計中遇到類似相關(guān)問題的時候，一定要進(jìn)行深入詳細(xì)的研究，對各個方面進(jìn)行對比，再進(jìn)行選擇，以使設(shè)計達(dá)到最佳效果。但是在整個設(shè)計的過程中仍有一些缺陷與不足。而本次設(shè)計的機床所需要的是7組軋輥，無論在受力和做功上都要比1014組軋輥的機床受力與做功小。 在這幾個月的設(shè)計過程中，我去了幾個大型的生產(chǎn)輕鋼龍骨的公司進(jìn)行了一系列的調(diào)研?！±鞆澢Ρ磉_(dá)式建立根據(jù)功能相等原理,在每一成型道次中,成型輥施加于坯料上的成型力所做的功應(yīng)與坯料成型過程中達(dá)到規(guī)定的斷面形狀而產(chǎn)生的橫向彎曲及縱向拉伸變形所消耗的塑性功相等,于是有Wv=We,即或由于拉伸彎曲力在成型區(qū)域內(nèi)呈線性分布,故可得總的拉伸彎曲力將式 B 及式 6 代入式 7 并整理得由文獻(xiàn)[7]知將式 8 代入式 7 得總的拉伸彎曲力 根據(jù)力的計算來選擇電機連續(xù)冷彎(輥彎)成型過程中的成型力是冷彎型鋼成型力能參數(shù)中最重要的一個參數(shù)。這些力中拉伸彎曲變形力是最基本最主要的。 以后連續(xù)工作，每半年換油一次。 減速器潤滑建議用30號機油，在工作條件惡劣、啟動頻繁的場合，可考慮其他黏度適應(yīng)的潤滑油。 在沒有負(fù)荷條件下，運轉(zhuǎn)2小時（1000轉(zhuǎn)/分鐘）如發(fā)現(xiàn)音響不均，發(fā)熱過度及漏油現(xiàn)象等應(yīng)立即消除。 速軸與低速軸與其他零件配合，不允許直接捶擊，可用軸端螺孔，旋入螺釘壓入聯(lián)接件。傳動比的計算因為設(shè)計要求中龍骨成型的運行速度為1718m/min1m=1000mm,18m=18000mm因為龍骨成型過程中不變形的軋輥直徑尺寸為168mm所以周長l=所以轉(zhuǎn)速為：18000/=,1250轉(zhuǎn)/分所以傳動比I=1250/=減速器型號的選擇，所以選擇傳動比為40的減速器即可。本機結(jié)構(gòu)形式是兩級三軸圓柱漸開線齒輸傳動，向體結(jié)構(gòu)為水平分割全封閉式，機械性能好，工作可靠，維修方便。本機廣泛應(yīng)用于各種起重運輸機械及其他各種機械中作為減速之用。前者結(jié)構(gòu)較緊湊，后者效率較高。但蝸桿圓周速度大于4m/s時，為避免攪油太甚、發(fā)熱過多，最好采用蝸桿在上式。蝸桿減速器主要有蝸桿在上和蝸桿在下兩種不同形式。通常說蝸桿傳動結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、輪廓尺寸小，這只是對傳減速器的傳動比較大的蝸桿減速器才是正確的，當(dāng)傳動比并不很大時，此優(yōu)點并不顯著。因為圓錐齒輪常常是懸臂裝在軸端的，為了使它受力小些，常將圓錐面崧，作為，高速極：山手面錐齒輪的精加工比較困難，允許圓周速度又較低，因此圓錐齒輪減速器的應(yīng)用不如圓柱齒輪減速器廣。圓錐齒輪減速器 它用于輸入軸和輸出軸位置布置成相交的場合。除齒形不同外，減速器結(jié)構(gòu)基本相同。設(shè)計雙驅(qū)動式或中心驅(qū)動式齒輪傳動時，應(yīng)設(shè)法采取自動平衡裝置使各對齒輪副的載荷能得到均勻分配，例如采用滑動軸承和彈性支承。傳動功率很大的減速器最好采用雙驅(qū)動式或中心驅(qū)動式。 圓柱齒輪減速器在所有減速器中應(yīng)用最廣。同軸式減速器輸入軸和輸出軸位于同一軸線上，故箱體長度較短。這種減速器的高速級齒輪常采用斜齒，一側(cè)為左旋，另一側(cè)為右旋，軸向力能互相抵消。展開式最簡單，但由于齒輪兩側(cè)的軸承不是對稱布置，因而將使載荷沿齒寬分布不均勻，且使兩邊的軸承受力不等。單級減速器的傳動比如果過大，則其外廓尺寸將很大。圓柱齒輪減速器 當(dāng)傳動比在8以下時，可采用單級圓柱齒輪減速器。減速器由于結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、效率較高、傳遞運動準(zhǔn)確可靠、使用維護(hù)簡單，并可成批生產(chǎn)，故在現(xiàn)代機措中應(yīng)用很廣。停車時把調(diào)速旋鈕調(diào)到零位，再停止拖動電機。（3）安裝　　安裝可用彈性聯(lián)軸器或皮帶連接。（2）安裝使用前應(yīng)檢查下列各項：　　A、轉(zhuǎn)動輸出軸應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)動靈活、輕快、無摩擦及有害雜音。調(diào)速電機的總效率Y=Y1Y2　 　　Y1：拖動電機效率　　　Y2：離合器效率　　　Y2=n2/n1　 　n1：拖動電機轉(zhuǎn)速　　　n2：離合器輸出軸轉(zhuǎn)速 （4）轉(zhuǎn)矩：　　本系列電動機只適用于恒轉(zhuǎn)矩負(fù)載遞減轉(zhuǎn)矩負(fù)載上，不適用于恒功率特性的負(fù)載上。當(dāng)負(fù)載在額定轉(zhuǎn)矩的10%到100%范圍內(nèi)變化時，控制器根據(jù)發(fā)電機的信號自動調(diào)節(jié)激磁電流，使輸出轉(zhuǎn)速基本上保持不變，轉(zhuǎn)速變化率小于3%。這種特性可適用于對張力要求不過分嚴(yán)的收卷機械，在設(shè)計時只要選用恬當(dāng)，開環(huán)控制即可達(dá)到卷制過程中轉(zhuǎn)速與轉(zhuǎn)矩的自動調(diào)整。28+60177。起動性能好，起動力矩大，起動平滑。無失控區(qū)、調(diào)速范圍廣，最大可達(dá)十比一。交流無級調(diào)速，具有速度反饋的自動調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)，速度變化率低于百分之三。由于凸緣聯(lián)軸器對中精度可靠，傳遞轉(zhuǎn)矩較大，所以選用應(yīng)用最廣泛的凸緣聯(lián)軸器。在不能避免兩軸偏斜和位移的場合中應(yīng)用時，將會在軸與聯(lián)軸器中引起難以估計的附加應(yīng)力，并使軸、軸承和軸上零件的工作情況惡化。