【正文】 8 / 8。Why is it that, having created a world in which he could live without raising a hand or taking a step, the American habitually seeks ways of letting off steam? His towns are full of bowling alleys, golf clubs, tennis courts, clubs, lodges, churches and associations into which he pours energy both physical and mental. The laborsaving gadgets, the love of fort turn out to be ways of saving his time and energy for something else. 美國人創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)不用舉手投足就能過得舒舒服服的世界，為什么還是習(xí)慣于用各種方式放松自己呢？他們住的地方到處都是保齡球館，高爾夫俱樂部，網(wǎng)球場(chǎng)，俱樂部，房子，教堂，以及各種可以讓他們?nèi)硇耐度氲膮f(xié)會(huì)。暖氣是自動(dòng)的，冷氣使房子即使在夏天也一樣舒適。地板蠟肯定是自動(dòng)上光的，鋼筆寫上幾年都不用上墨水。說不定現(xiàn)在就已經(jīng)有這樣的烤面包機(jī)了。所以她不必轉(zhuǎn)手柄就能拿到烤面包。 以前她把面包放進(jìn)烤面包機(jī)，還要翻轉(zhuǎn)一次面包，才能烤另一面。There is no denying the fact that the high level of production does lead to a high level of material fort, and that Americans are mighty fond of having things that are new, shine, softly padded, conveniently arranged, efficient, and so far as may be, effortless. The bread es already sliced so that the housewife need not exert herself to slice it. It used to be that when she put the bread in the toaster, she had to turn it once to toast both sides. Then came the toaster which did both sides at once, then the toaster which popped the toast out when it was done, so that she did not have to turn a handle to raise it. Soon, no doubt, there will be a toaster which butters the toast, cuts it in quarters, and puts it on a plate. Perhaps there is one even now. 無法否認(rèn)這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：高水平的生產(chǎn)一定會(huì)帶來高水平的物質(zhì)享受，所以美國人非常喜歡把東西做得新穎、光亮，有柔軟的襯墊，使用 起來方便，這樣就可以不費(fèi)氣力。它再也不會(huì)重蹈覆轍。America has been blessed with a rich supply of raw materials. It learned during the depression that even a rich country can bee impoverished if it fails to use its wealth to benefit the majority. And it does not propose to make that error again. A sizable portion of what it produces goes overseas, including agricultural and industrial machinery sent with the hope that standards of production and consumption can be raised in other parts of the world too. 上天賦予美國豐富的自然資源。 it is a love of making and consuming wealth. It is probably a middleclass rather than a distinctively American phenomenon, for most Americans are middleclass. 所以，到美國的人感到震驚的不是物質(zhì)享樂主義的愛財(cái)和守財(cái)，而是美國人的既喜歡賺錢又喜歡花錢。事實(shí)上，錢的主人留著錢，不過好日子，不慷慨地捐款給大串的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)，不接濟(jì)家里沒錢的人，人們也會(huì)不喜歡。當(dāng)然還有人們可以接受的其他的證明卓越，公眾矚目， 工作優(yōu)秀，名聲，等等。愛斯特伯格所指出的，美國人“很看重他挖到的金子 ，主要是因?yàn)榻鹱邮撬哪芰Φ捏w現(xiàn)……因此把美國人定義為物質(zhì)享樂主義者而否認(rèn)他的理想主義，從根本上就是錯(cuò)誤的……美國的商人為錢工作，偉大的畫家為錢繪畫， 意義是完全一樣的——”，都是是對(duì)自己的工作欣賞的標(biāo)志。In contrast with this natural acquisitiveness of the new arrivals, the American attitude toward money is quite different. As the German psychologist Hugo Munsterberg observed, the American prizes the gold he gets primarily as an indication of his ability.... It is, therefore, fundamentally false to stigmatize the American as a materialist, and to deny his idealism.... The American merchant works for money in exactly the sense that a great painter works for money － as a mark of appreciation for his work.和初來者自然的獲取思想相比，美國人對(duì)錢的態(tài)度是很不一樣的。像磁鐵一般吸引著他們大多數(shù)人遠(yuǎn)涉重洋的，是擁有財(cái)產(chǎn)的自由而不是投票的自由。Materialism 物質(zhì)享樂主義The men and women who staked everything on America were for the most part poor. They struggled hard, went without, and saved in order to build up a business or buy a farm of their own. The freedom to own rather than the freedom to vote was the magnet that drew the majority of them across oceans. Naturally enough they put a high value upon the land or the business they acquired through their own efforts.把賭注都押在美國的男男女女絕大多數(shù)是窮人。有了這些可以信賴的朋友，你就可以對(duì)那些不在朋友之列的人表現(xiàn)出你的攻擊力。s organization － towards whom you are pledged in friendship. Having thus acquired assured friends, you can practice your aggression on those who don39。 to be liked, one must be easygoing and friendly. 強(qiáng)調(diào)成功和成就，再加上要得到愛和贊賞的強(qiáng)烈愿望，會(huì)導(dǎo)致個(gè)性發(fā)展的兩難境地：要成功，人就必須好斗；要?jiǎng)e人喜歡自己，人就得寬容、友好。他可以同時(shí)位于別的國家也許會(huì)用等級(jí)的概念來劃分的不同社會(huì)階層。當(dāng)老板的也許會(huì)和自己的或別人的雇員一起打獵?！盇 single individual ca