【正文】 n be at once an intellectual, a Boy Scout leader, a business man, a sportsman, a dabbler in music or painting, a naturelover, and one who does many of his own household chores. An employer, he may go hunting with his own or someone else39。 for an American, it is a succession of hazards.安德魯克蘭特原先是化學(xué)家，后來擔(dān)任哈佛大學(xué)的校長，辭去了這個學(xué)術(shù)界的最高職位后擔(dān)任了高級公共事務(wù)官員，后被任命為駐德大使。詹姆斯 一個年輕人靠一輛貸款買來的卡車起家，后來當(dāng)上了公司的老板，擁有卡車車隊，行駛在好幾個州。在美國，不管是銀行家的兒子當(dāng)了農(nóng)場主還是農(nóng)場主的兒子做了銀行家，都不會讓人吃驚。Along with this urge to be jackofalltrades goes a willingness to change from one occupation to another. It surprises no one in America when the banker39。幾乎每一個人都懂得使用工具，懂得簡單的下水道或電力裝置的修理，還會修家具，刷墻。大學(xué)教授喜歡做家具或是改造鄉(xiāng)下的老房子。他的妻子既是紡紗工、織布工，又是醫(yī)生。農(nóng)場主自己動手做工具、馬鞍和家用器具。傳教士要伐樹、犁田。Until very recently there has always been a great deal of work to do in this country, a great deal that needed doing. At the beginning men of all sorts and conditions had to pitch in. The preacher had to fell trees and plough fields. The teacher, the doctor and the magistrate had to shoulder guns for the mon defense. The farmer made his own tools, harness, household equipment. He was blacksmith, carpenter, tinsmith, brewer and veterinary all rolled into one, as his wife was spinster, weaver and doctor.直到最近，這個國家還總是有許多事要做，還有許多事情必須要做。如果去度假，他們就每天開車五六百公里，以每小時60英里的速度觀光，沿途只停下來拍些快照。近年來他們已經(jīng)學(xué)會玩，但是將玩也當(dāng)成了工作。s a vacation, they travel five or six hundred miles a day, take in the sights at sixty miles an hour, pause only long enough to snap pictures, and then discover what it was they went to see when they get home and look at the photographs. 美國人熱愛工作。Americans love work. It is meat and drink to them. In recent years they have learned how to play, but they make work of that too. If it39。評價人的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是成功而不是階級。從現(xiàn)在起我要做的就是繼續(xù)保持，”這樣的話毫無意義。 the real test is how far you climb from where you started. 既然沒有階級限制、世襲職業(yè)或教育來阻礙孩子的發(fā)展，所以從理論上說，他所能取得的成就也沒有限制。Since there are no limits of class, inherited occupation or education to hold a child back, there are, in theory, no limits to what he can achieve. Consequently there is no point at which he can say: There, I39。戈羅爾認(rèn)為 ，許多美國人在少年時期就被兩個問題困擾：成功就是要得到愛，要得到愛就要成功。然后，這種緊張情緒就產(chǎn)生了對愛的極度渴望。但對不求上進(jìn)的人卻沒什么好處。在一個時刻變化著的社會，一個有進(jìn)取精神的人難免會拿自己與別人相比，知道自己能達(dá)到的目標(biāo)是什么。你去看看《名人錄》，隨便找一個知名商人的條目，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)他參加的公益性委員會和協(xié)會多得令人吃驚。當(dāng)一個人的地位提高，人們對他的要求也相應(yīng)提高。s Who entry for any prominent business man, and you are likely to find him involved in an amazing number of mittees and associations organized for the public good.既然高度注重成功，回報也就很高。 it is rather a symbol and a tool. As a man39。走投無路、常年被同一工作所困的工人可能會將這樣的攻擊性用于種族仇恨或反對管理，或 開始酗酒、滋事、神經(jīng)質(zhì)、和自己過不去。這種對攻擊的嚴(yán)格限制對 完善經(jīng)濟(jì)的肌體有益，但對某些個人卻過于嚴(yán)格。無論怎樣，這就是成功的內(nèi)涵。Ford, Carnegie, Rockefeller built great fortunes for themselves. But they also built an economy which has brought a great deal of material wellbeing, higher health standards and better educational opportunities to millions of Americans. This is how it looks to us, anyway, from inside. 福特、卡耐基、洛克菲勒，都為自己創(chuàng)造了極大的財富。所以在美國，沒有人把物質(zhì)上的成功看成是自私的。 Not to strive, not to take advantage of the opportunities in such a world, not to succeed where success was so available － these things naturally became a sort of crime against the state. To develop the resources of a new country required energetic people, bent upon using their energies － not only for the rewards that would result to themselves, but even more important, to the munity. So material success in the United States is not looked upon as selfish. Its results are seen to have munal value. 要是不奮斗，不利用這個世界的各種機(jī)會去成功而不能成功這些無疑都是對國家的一種犯罪。他能減輕壓力的唯一方式 ，就是取得更大的成功。移民為了要成功從未停止過奮斗，因為目標(biāo) 的內(nèi)容沒有限制。戈羅爾用弗羅伊德的說法來解釋這一切。The English anthropologist, Geoffrey Gorer, sees the whole situation in Freudian terms. Europe is the father rejected by every immigrant who turned his back on his own culture in order to make a new life in America. The immigrant39。對于他的后代而言，要擺脫作為移民的負(fù)擔(dān)，只有在一個靈活自由的無階級社會里取得更多的成功，升至更高的地位。在