【正文】 s light quality high aluminum ingot), Outside with reaches 200mm thick the ceramic textile fiber felt. Because uses the highlevel thermal insulation material, Attenuated the kiln wall, Thus has increased in the kiln the effective width. (4)Steel frame structure artistic practical reinforcement steel frame structure uses the hollow side steel, Concurrently makes the kiln sky air line, Causes the structure pact firm, Both artistic and practical. (5) Mechanization automaticity Gao Yaolu the import and export equipment has the semifinished product machine and the semifinished product machine, Uses the SS100 module type small programmable controller to carry on the automated control. The roller stick protective device uses the RT911R15 laser launcher and the receiver, When in the kiln the unfired brick gets up pile or the roll breakage can carry on the accident to report to the police promptly. The kiln stove enters the brick quantity the control to use the digital circuit to carry on the control to the kiln stove rotational speed. Combustion zone temperature each has (high temperature section top and bottom fever ju controls separately) one to two control points, Uses the RM 40 attemperators to carry on the regulating control to the coal gas quantity, The draft fan pulls out the strength, The sharp quenching air blower, pulls out the hotair generator the wind pressure and so on all respectively to have the corresponding control measuring appliance. West not only Italy peduncle pany39。s table kiln already has the mon traits,Also has the particularity Italian only high pany FRN2000 table kiln(1) Kiln body bees for the assembly type entire strip kiln by certain assemblies, Each kiln body overall size is 213021002894(mm). Like this makes some two big merits: One, realizes the kiln stove masonry and building factorization, Also has guaranteed the masonry and building quality, Also simplified the factory scene installment。s table kiln has the mon feature in the kiln body structure XI(1)Kiln body sectionalization, According to the modulus design (modulus respectively was 2, 4 or 6 meters) sectionalizes the modulization to realize the table kiln design manufacture standardization, Selects the different pitch number to be possible to pose each kind of kiln to be long extremely nimbly, Forms the identical model, Many kinds of productivity table kiln series, Expanded the practical scope. Moreover, The festival and the internode see with the ceramic textile fiber felt blanket fill, May play swollens the expansion joint the role. (2) Kiln body uses the metal frame load bearing structure (frame ponent to be posed concurrently attitude pipeline by square tube), Inside lining fireproof material partition prefabrication, Scene whole assembly. (3) Crown uses the hanging suspended ceiling structure to use this structure to be possible to reduce the kiln wall loadbearing,Causes the kiln body lightly, Simultaneously substituted for the old style crown to use six boards or the arch brick goes against the structure, This may lengthen the crown the service life. In addition, the suspended ceiling structure lateral thrust is very small, And may reduce in the kiln the gas stratification. Not only some pany39。s RKML eurysome kiln, The inner width is meters, One time fires the wall brick annual output to amount to 180 ten thousand meters. West peduncle pany39。 Morley, the wave ratio, the Sa grammeter pany makes the singlelayer table kiln。s, In the world 60% above wall brick fire with table kiln one time, In particular Italy39。英文翻譯調(diào)研報(bào)告譯文——Analysis of table kiln body’s feature overseasThe table kiln gets up overseas in from the 6039。(3)合理設(shè)置擋火板和擋火墻 ,對(duì)于調(diào)節(jié)窯內(nèi)煙氣和熱空氣的流動(dòng)狀況 ,減少窯內(nèi)溫差的作用很大 ,一定要引起重視 ,特別是窯寬的增加 ,擋火板的設(shè)置位置及檔火板的高度及形狀愈顯重要。(2)要注意壓力制度的選擇 ,確定一條最佳的壓力曲線 ,并選定零壓點(diǎn)的最佳位置 ,如采用全窯負(fù)壓燒成或大正壓燒成 ,都會(huì)造成窯內(nèi)溫差增大 ,產(chǎn)品燒成缺陷明顯增加。特別是棍棒兩端的積散熱也是不能忽視的。如我們考察福建泉州地區(qū)有不少?gòu)S家都不知道窯頂?shù)膿醢逵惺裁醋饔?,窯爐建成至今幾年都沒(méi)調(diào)動(dòng)過(guò) ,完全不知道它在調(diào)節(jié)同一水平上溫差的作用。　窯內(nèi)結(jié)構(gòu)不完善帶來(lái)溫差窯爐結(jié)構(gòu)不完善 ,特別是對(duì)擋火墻、擋火板設(shè)置的忽視 ,即使設(shè)置了 ,還須掌握好設(shè)置的最佳位置 ,即最合理的高度(深度) 、寬度。過(guò)大的正壓 ,不但會(huì)使棍棒兩端噴火 ,浪費(fèi)燃料 ,而且影響原來(lái)各帶的長(zhǎng)度 ,特別是燒成帶的正壓將嚴(yán)重影響急冷段的溫度制度 ,使急冷變壞。過(guò)大的負(fù)壓 ,造成窯外的冷氣體通過(guò)棍棒兩端的縫隙流入窯內(nèi) ,不但使空氣過(guò)剩量大 ,燃料浪費(fèi)嚴(yán)重 ,也影響窯內(nèi)的溫度場(chǎng) ,使靠近窯內(nèi)壁位置溫度降低 ,同時(shí)加劇窯內(nèi)的上下溫差?！毫χ贫炔缓脦?lái)溫差輥道窯的壓力制度在于保證溫度制度和氣氛制度的實(shí)現(xiàn) ,窯內(nèi)壓力大小對(duì)溫度、氣氛有直接的影響?！炜刂撇缓脦?lái)溫差燒嘴燃燒控制不好(包括油壓、油量、霧化風(fēng)壓、風(fēng)量、助燃風(fēng)壓、風(fēng)量的配合不好) ,各燒嘴燃燒不均衡 ,或過(guò)強(qiáng)或過(guò)弱 ,均會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重溫差。由于每個(gè)燒嘴燃燒產(chǎn)生的火焰有一定的寬度 其影響的范圍也一定 我們對(duì)低壓燃油燒嘴的火焰寬度進(jìn)行過(guò)測(cè)量 ,火焰橫向直徑在 90～111mm之間 ,而火焰的影響范圍大概是其直徑的 5～7 倍。由于火焰本身的溫度差別 ,再加上窯墻外壁的吸散熱 ,因而在窯內(nèi)產(chǎn)生水平溫差 ,靠近窯壁的溫度會(huì)比窯中部溫度低若燒嘴中心線(尤其是上燒嘴)與棍棒的距離太大 ,由于熱氣體上浮 ,如果窯內(nèi)氣流攪拌不均勻 ,亦容易造成窯內(nèi)溫差。4 影響窯內(nèi)同一水平面溫差的其他因素　燒嘴燃燒時(shí)帶來(lái)溫差不論什么類型的柴油燒嘴 ,其火焰根部的溫度總比火焰末端的溫度要低。圖1 　窯內(nèi)同一截面同一水平上的溫度分布 　The temperature distribution in the same sectionof the roller hearth kiln由圖1可見(jiàn) ,當(dāng)窯內(nèi)寬增加而燒嘴火焰沒(méi)有增長(zhǎng) ,無(wú)疑會(huì)使兩側(cè)的火焰達(dá)不到窯中心 ,使中心的溫度更低。我們?cè)谕瓿蓢?guó)家教委博士點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)基金項(xiàng)目“陶瓷窯爐結(jié)構(gòu)及操作的優(yōu)化”過(guò)程中 ,進(jìn)行了火焰溫度場(chǎng)的實(shí)體模擬 ,利用紅外熱成像測(cè)溫技術(shù)進(jìn)行溫度場(chǎng)的動(dòng)態(tài)測(cè)試 ,以及進(jìn)行輥道窯內(nèi)動(dòng)態(tài)溫差的測(cè)試 ,發(fā)現(xiàn)燒嘴噴出燃料的燃燒在窯中同一水平面上形成一駝峰形的溫度曲線 ,靠近窯壁處溫度比窯內(nèi)同一水平上高溫處溫度低20～46 ℃。但是由于靠近窯兩側(cè)壁處的摩擦阻力不變 ,流速的增大引起窯內(nèi)同一斷面上兩側(cè)壁和窯中心處的流速差更大 ,這對(duì)同一斷面上溫度的均勻性不利 ,反而增大同一水平面上的溫差。ρλ從(3)式可看出 ,摩擦阻力正比于窯長(zhǎng) ,即窯越長(zhǎng) ,摩擦阻力越大。w為氣體的流速 ,m/ s。de 為管道內(nèi)徑,對(duì)于非圓形管道取當(dāng)量直徑 ,de=4F/l′,其中 F為管道截面積 ,m ,l 為浸潤(rùn)周長(zhǎng) ,m。w (3)式中 為摩擦阻力損失 λ為摩擦阻力系數(shù),對(duì)磚砌管道,hL ,N/m 。(L/ de)2 　窯寬對(duì)窯內(nèi)氣體流動(dòng)阻力的影響由流體力學(xué)可知 ,在窯長(zhǎng)一定的情況下 ,窯截面越寬 ,窯對(duì)氣體運(yùn)動(dòng)的阻力就越小 ,越有利于窯爐熱工制度的順利實(shí)現(xiàn)。從輥道窯的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)看 ,增加窯寬所引起的投資不大 ,但對(duì)產(chǎn)量而言卻可以大大的提高 ,由以前的每小時(shí)幾百平方米增加到幾千甚至上萬(wàn)平方米 ,最高產(chǎn)量可達(dá) 萬(wàn)平方米。而輥道窯多數(shù)單片裝燒(燒墻地磚) ,故裝窯密度變化不大 ,在保持燒成時(shí)間不變的情況下 ,窯爐產(chǎn)量與窯爐容積成正比 ,而窯爐容積 V 是窯截面積和窯長(zhǎng)的函數(shù)。Kg為體積裝窯密度 ,件/m 或 kg/m 。τ為燒成時(shí)間 ,h。g)m (1)式中 ,V為輥道窯的容積 ,m ,V = 長(zhǎng) 寬 高 =L B H。以上為計(jì)算部分附件二：寬斷面輥道窯需解決的問(wèn)題寬斷面輥道窯需解決的問(wèn)題［8］1 輥道窯的窯寬對(duì)產(chǎn)量的影響輥道窯也是屬隧道窯的一種型式 ,其窯內(nèi)容積與生產(chǎn)任務(wù)、成品率、燒成時(shí)間及裝窯密度四因素之間的關(guān)系如下 :V= G39。39。循環(huán)i n = n + 1 39。 yaochang_arr(i) amp。 yaokuan_arr(i) amp。冷卻帶窯長(zhǎng)的計(jì)算 yaochang_arr(i) = yrdyaochang(i) + scdyaochang(i) + lqdyaochang(i) n= amp。預(yù)熱帶窯長(zhǎng)的計(jì)算 scdyaochang(i) = scdjieshu(i) * 39。39。39。39。39。39。主要參