【正文】 the material consumed for the necessary correction at the mouth, time, energy, labor costs and extreme thinning in wall thickness appear as disadvantages.In order to investigate the earings that are formed the effects of BHF at 10 and 16Mpa the theoretical and experimental results are given in Fig. 6. When the earings in experimental and theoretical outes are pared, it can be seen that the results are closer and more patible at 10MPa, and that at 16MPa the earings increase, and the gap between the experimental and theoretical results bee more obvious. Minimum earings are observed between 5 and 8MPa.4. Numerical modelingThe LSDYNA is one of the petent FE analysis codes used for the puter aided analysis of sheet metal forming processes in the industry, and therefore, the parison of the predicted formability and process parameters with the finiteelement analyses using the different shell element types available in this code is a representative performance assessment of the shell element formulations in the stamping process simulations. In the LSDYNA simulation environment the shell element formulations that can be used in the deformation modeling of the sheet metal blank (Hallquist, 2022).So as to investigate howmuch BHF is necessary for the deep drawing process of the AA5754O material employed in this study, forces ranging between 0 and 25Mpa were applied in the LSDYNA program and the numerical analysis of the experimental study was affected. The mold, sheet metal and blank holder plate employed in the experimental study was drawn in 1:1 scale through the Graphic Interface Unit (GUI) of the LSDYNA programfor the numerical model (Fig. 7). A blank holder plate of same dimensions as in the experiment system has been designed and no drawing bearing was used. Rather mesh was woven in sections where deformation is high whereas sections experiencing rather low deformation were divided intobigger elements, aimed at minimizing the solution CPU time of the problem.Plate was meshed by using the Rotation thinshell no 163 (having 4node without central node and in squareshaped) element. Thinshell elements were also used for the tool ponents and considered only for the surface, contacting the blank. The blank model contained 3367 nodes and 3257 4node thinshell quadrilateral elements. On the other hand, the tools contained 2031 nodes and 1855 elements.. Assigning material characteristics to piecesThe most significant aspect that should be determined in the LSDYNA program is to identify the material characteristics of the materials and tools employed. Material characteristics also play the most critical role in analyzing the model formed (Kergen and Jodogne, 1992).Therefore the punch, blank holder plate and mold have been identified as rigid materials. No deformation was assumed in these parts during forming process. On the other hand, sheet plate was studied with the BarlatLian’s threeparameter model (Hughes and Camoy, 1981). This model has been preferred as it has been developed for use in forming aluminum sheet materials. Parameters used in BarlatLian’s threeparameter model are provided in Table 3. The mechanical features of the AA5754O material used in Table 3 has been requested by the manufacturing pany, and the data in Zhou (1999) post graduate thesis have been used upon themanufacturer pany’s remendation. The patibility of the results fromthe modeling with the experimental results has enabled their use in this study.It was studied using a BHF of 10MPa, and by forming a theoretical model as to the kind of result the materialmay generate in the case it is isotropic. The features of the material used on the theoretical model have been given in Table 4 in the case of the material is isotropic.. Numerical resultsWhile building up the numerical model of the material, different BHF’s were applied on the sheet, considering its anisotropic characteristic. According to these different forces applied by the blank holder plate, the influence of the BHF in forming process has been investigated. The theoretical model was developed for the forming process of the sheet metal panel subject to the deep drawing process. The sheet metal panel was in diameter. The deep drawing was performed using a square punch with a side length of 61mm. The forming limit diagrams (FLD) obtained from parts shaped with the application of various BHF’s of this theoretical modelis shown in Fig. 8.FLD’s have been drawn up according to the impact of BHF ranging between 0 and 20MPa. Insufficient formation in correspondence to an excessive wrinkle area at 0MPa can be understood from the graph in the diagrams. In parison to this, an approach to the tear area is seen when the extensive thinning at BHF of 15MPa and above are increasing.As a result of these simulations, a tearing risk at a BHF of 18MPa has been observed in sheet plate. Increase in earings at BHF’s equal to and over 8MPa ha。 Walde and Riedel, 2022).Aluminum material of AA5754O (Turkish grade (Etial 53) series with a sheet thickness of 2mm that is highly employed in deep drawing processes has been used in this study for determining BHF and deep drawing process results pared with experimental and numerical.A blank holder system is developed with puter control in accordance with the control of the BHF, and the optimum BHF for the formability of the material using this system is determined experimentally and theoretically.2. Experimental studies. Experiment setupThe experiment setup has been provided in Fig. 1. The hydraulic press has a 60 tonnes force. Hydraulic cylinders employed for controlling the BHF have a diameter of 60mm and they are puter operated.. Mold designSince the purpose of the study is to examine the change on formation and the wal