土木工程外文翻譯(外文)框架(參考版)
2025-06-29 16:32本頁面
【正文】 ( essentially a safety factor) to produce thejaclOred load. 2. Visualize the various structural responses and quantify the structure39。s adequacy against its absolute load limitthat is. when the structure must fail. To convincingly establish stress. strain. and failure limits, tests were performed extensively in the field (on real structures) and laboratories (on specimen prototypes. or models). Note: Realworld structural failures are studied both for research sake and to estab lish liability. In essence. the working stress method consists of designing a structure to work at some established percentage of its total capac ity. The strength method consists of designing a structure tofail. but at a load condition well beyond what it should experience. Clearly the stress and strength methods arc different. but the difference is mostly procedural.The Stress Method (ASD) The stress method is as follows: 1. Visualize and quantify the service (working) load conditions as intelligently as possible. You can make adjustments by determining statistically likely load binations ( , dead load plus live load plus wind load). considering load dura tion. and so on. 2. Establish standard stress. stability, and deformation limits for the various structural responsesin tension. bending, shear, buckling. deflection, and so on. 3. Evaluate the structure39。s safety against two limits: an accept able maximum stress (called allowable working stress) and a toler able extent of deformation (deflection. stretch. erc.). These limits refer to a structure39。 sketches arc invaluable learning and problemsolving aids. Three types of graphics are most useful: the freebody diagram. the exaggerated profile of a loaddeformed structure. and the scaled pial. A freebody diag
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