【正文】 s durability and resistance to fatigue, impermeability capacity. Therefore, according to the nature and circumstances of the cracks, we want to be treated differently in a timely manner to deal with in order to ensure the safe use of the building.Grouting caulking blocking method Grouting method applies to the structural integrity of the influential or impermeable requirements concrete crack repair, it is the cementing material is pressed into the concrete cracks in the use of pressure equipment, and the concrete after hardening of the cementing material to form a whole, and thus play blocking the purpose of reinforcement. Commonly used in the cementing material grout, epoxy, methacrylate, polyurethane and other chemical materials. The caulking is the most monly used c。98附　錄 附表1 梁內力組合表梁內力組合表附表2 柱內力組合表柱內力組合表外文資料翻譯Building construction concrete crack ofprevention and processingConcrete is formed by a sand and gravel aggregate, cement, water and other materials plus mixed heterogeneous brittle materials. Hardening molding concrete due to concrete construction and deformation constraints on a range of issues, there are a large number of microporosity, cavitation and microcracks, the concrete showing some heterogeneity is due to the existence of these initial defects characteristics. Microcracks is usually a harmless crack, the loadbearing concrete, seepage and other use function does not cause harm. But in the concrete by the load, temperature, and the role of microcracks will continue to expand and connectivity, and ultimately the formation of macroscopic cracks of our visible, which is often said that the cracks of the concrete works.Common Cracks in Concrete Engineering and prevention1. Shrinkage cracks and preventionShrinkage cracks more than about a week after period of time after the end of the concrete curing or concrete pouring. Shrinkage cracks is mainly caused by the deformation of the results of different concrete inside and outside the different levels of water evaporation.Plastic shrinkage cracking and preventionPlastic shrinkage condensation before the concrete surface due to faster water loss resulting from the contraction. Plastic shrinkage cracking is generally dry and hot or windy weather, cracks mostly wide in the middle, both ends of the fine and of varying lengths, noncoherent state.Preventive measures: First, choose a higher shrinkage values smaller early strength portland or ordinary portland cement. Second, strict control of watercement ratio, adding super plasticizer to increase slump and workability of the concrete, reducing the amount of cement and water. Third, prior to pouring concrete, grassroots and templates watering evenly soaked. Subsidence cracks and prevention Subsidence cracks generated due to the uneven structure of the foundation soil, soft or the backfill false or flooding caused by differential settlement due。最后，再次感謝母校和老師們。是他們的鼓勵和幫助才使我順利完成設計，在此，向他們表達深深地謝意。在這次設計中，我首先要感謝我的指導老師李捍無老師和劉曉紅老師，他們嚴謹求實的教學態(tài)度、高度的敬業(yè)精神、兢兢業(yè)業(yè)、孜孜以求的工作作風對我產生重要影響。通過這幾年的學習，我不僅學到了很多文化知識，而且在做人和為人處世方面也深有所得，在畢業(yè)離校之際，深深地向他們表達我最真誠的謝意！在整個畢業(yè)設計期間，因為有了你們的幫助和支持，我才把一個系統(tǒng)的、從來沒有上手的課題，圓滿完成。即將走上社會的我，回想大學的生活感慨頗多。在以后的學習生活中切不可急于求成而忽略了基礎的夯實，對一門系統(tǒng)的科學，應該扎實的學習它的每一部分知識，充分利用各種實踐環(huán)節(jié)，切實做到理論聯(lián)系實踐，學以致用。在以前學習結構力學、鋼筋混凝土結構、建筑結構抗震等專業(yè)課時，老是覺得所學的東西跟實際相差的太遠，甚至覺得沒什么用，這可能跟當時特別想學什么就想馬上能用得上有關吧。有了這個根本，我們就不會犯工程上的低級錯誤，同時我們在處理工程問題時就會有更大的靈活性，也會有自己的創(chuàng)新。在畢業(yè)設計的過程中，我深深地認識到各種建筑規(guī)范和規(guī)定是建筑設計的靈魂，一定要好好把握。特別值得一提的是，我深深的認識到作為一個結構工程師，應該具備一種嚴謹?shù)脑O計態(tài)度，本著建筑以人為本的思想，力求做到安全、適用、經濟、美觀；在設計一幢建筑物的過程中，應該嚴格按照建筑規(guī)范的要求，同時也要考慮各個工種的協(xié)調和合作，特別是結構和建筑的交流，結構設計和施工的協(xié)調。=177。 圖92 聯(lián)合基礎受力圖B柱： C柱： 按豎向荷載標準值作用(),預估基礎底面積 ,即: 其中,為修正后的地基承載力特征值，為基礎及回填土之平均重度,一般取20 kN/ m3 。即基礎J2與J3采取聯(lián)合基礎。=177。=177?；A埋深范圍內地基土的加權平均重度γm為：γm=（+）/=179。由(1)、（2）可知基礎埋深，取，即d= m.。 其它層加密區(qū)箍筋取Ф8100，非加密區(qū)箍筋取Ф8200。 柱配筋計算 邊跨柱配筋 表88 邊跨柱配筋計算表層次43214500450045004600274110696920202020294130898911111111525361320320875875875875偏心性質大偏心大偏心大偏心大偏心172223462460配筋實配面積 中跨柱配筋 表89 中跨柱配筋計算表層次432145004500450046003252211831412020202034524120316111111111576473435393875875875875偏心性質大偏心大偏心大偏心大偏心225204227158配筋實配面積驗算垂直于彎矩作用平面的受壓承載力。 混凝土：C30級（fc=，ft=） 鋼筋：受力鋼筋采用HRB400級（fy=360N/mm2） 箍筋：采用HPB335級（fy=300N/mm2） 軸壓比驗算表87 柱的軸壓比剪跨比計算 柱型層次邊柱4321中柱4321 根據《抗震規(guī)范》，對于三級抗震等級，應滿足以下要求：剪跨比宜大于（2）中間跨梁斜截面承載力計算 即截面尺寸滿足要求 故只需要按構造配置箍筋 箍筋選擇 梁端加密區(qū)箍筋取Ф8100，HRB335級鋼，非加密區(qū)箍筋取Ф8200。 表87 各層梁配筋層號梁位置M/(kNm 表81 豎向荷載作用下梁端彎矩的調幅荷載種類桿件跨向彎矩標準值調幅系數(shù)調幅后彎矩標準值左右左右恒載四層ABBC三層ABBC二層ABBC一層ABBC活載四層ABBC三層ABBC二層ABBC一層ABBCBCBC 表82 框架梁縱向受拉鋼筋最小配筋百分率（%）抗震等級梁中位置支座跨中三 /fy中的較大值 /fy中的較大值從梁內力組合表中找出相應的數(shù)據，截面最不利內力，并將支座中心處的彎矩換算為支座邊緣控制截面的彎矩進行配筋計算。m二層 M==m活荷載中間跨跨中彎矩四層 M==m二層 M==活荷載邊跨跨中彎矩四層 M== 水平地震作用橫向框架的內力分析表711 各層柱柱端剪力計算邊柱中柱層次柱高（）層間剪力（）（）層間剪力（）（）4321 計算各柱的彎矩1. 風荷載計算得柱的反彎點高度比表712 各層柱反彎點高度層次第一層第二層第三層第四層邊柱中柱2. 柱端剪力底層柱：二層柱： 三層柱：四層柱： 計算各梁端彎矩頂層：三層：二層：一層： 計算各梁端剪力四層：三層： 二層：一層： 計算各柱軸力頂層：三層：二層： 一層： 繪制內力圖：