xp滾筒式洗瓶機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)及原理畢業(yè)論文(參考版)
2025-06-23 12:58本頁面
【正文】 17。但是，超聲波清洗機(jī)強(qiáng)度的作用受介質(zhì)溫度的影響極大。低強(qiáng)度超聲波清洗機(jī)的應(yīng)用不會(huì)引起介質(zhì)的任何狀態(tài)變化，只有高強(qiáng)度超聲波清洗機(jī)的應(yīng)用才可能對介質(zhì)有強(qiáng)烈的影響，引發(fā)空腔效應(yīng)。誘導(dǎo)產(chǎn)生空腔效應(yīng)的超聲波清洗機(jī)頻率以20kHz～80kHz最為適當(dāng)。 當(dāng)然并不是液體中所有的氣核都能產(chǎn)生空腔效應(yīng)，只有當(dāng)外加的超聲波清洗機(jī)頻率與氣核的固有頻率相同時(shí)，空腔效應(yīng)才能發(fā)生。二十世紀(jì)八十年代末，第三代超聲波清洗機(jī)電源問世，既逆變電源，應(yīng)用最新IGBT元件。在應(yīng)用初期，由于電子工業(yè)的限制，超聲波清洗機(jī)清洗設(shè)備電源的體積比較龐大，穩(wěn)定性及使用壽命不太理想，價(jià)格昂貴，一般的工礦企業(yè)難以承受，但其出色的清洗效率及效果，仍然讓部分實(shí)力雄厚的國有企業(yè)一見傾心。二十世紀(jì)六十年代，自超聲波清洗機(jī)技術(shù)問世以來，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)：一定頻率范圍內(nèi)的超聲波清洗機(jī)，作用于液體介質(zhì)里，可以達(dá)到清洗的作用。在反應(yīng)體系中，液體內(nèi)存在張力弱區(qū)，即液體內(nèi)溶有氣體或在塵埃的液固界面上存在氣體 — 作為氣核，在超聲波清洗機(jī)作用下，氣核膨脹長大，并為周圍的液體蒸氣或氣體充滿，由于內(nèi)外壓力懸殊使空腔塌陷、破裂，把集中的聲場能量在極短的時(shí)間和極小的空間內(nèi)釋放出來，使介質(zhì)局部形成幾百到幾千K的高溫和超過數(shù)百個(gè)大氣壓的高壓環(huán)境，并產(chǎn)生出很大的沖擊力，起到激烈攪拌的作用，同時(shí)生成大量微泡。其中空腔效應(yīng)是聲化學(xué)的應(yīng)用理論基礎(chǔ)，也最為重要。歐洲的一些廠家曾清洗過9．1m3的罐，以前用甲醇加熱到沸點(diǎn)一次處理4—8h，總共要進(jìn)行5次清洗才能達(dá)到要求，而且超聲波清洗只需要一次處理即能達(dá)到要求，既節(jié)省溶劑，提高效率，又減少環(huán)境污染。在國外汽車底盤架、轎車外殼噴涂前的超聲波清洗，配合專用清洗液，將除銹、去氧化膜及磷化一次清洗處理完成，烘干后即可噴漆等都有了新的應(yīng)用和發(fā)展。就產(chǎn)品水平而言，當(dāng)代產(chǎn)品與20世紀(jì)70—80年代的產(chǎn)品相比，技術(shù)進(jìn)步也十分明顯。我國現(xiàn)有各類超聲波清洗設(shè)備制造企業(yè)上百家，但其分布主要集中在東南沿海地區(qū)。四是醫(yī)用器具、食品、制藥、生化等試驗(yàn)中所用各種瓶罐的清洗。二是印制電路板、硅片、晶片、元器件殼、座、鐵路系統(tǒng)用的信號控制繼電器、元器件、連接件、顯像管以及電真空器件等的清洗。我國超聲波清洗技術(shù)的應(yīng)用已經(jīng)取得了較好的成效。其一是，各種類型的多缸或傳動(dòng)鏈?zhǔn)交蛏凳匠暻逑瓷a(chǎn)線相繼面市；其二是，低頻超聲波清洗機(jī)向高頻超聲波清洗機(jī)的發(fā)展。s manufacturers have m3 tank, rinse with methanol heated to boiling point once before treatment of 4 to 8 h, a total of five times cleaning must take place before meet the requirements, and only need a deal with the ultrasonic cleaning can meet the requirements, both save solvent, improve efficiency, and reduce environmental pollution.Ultrasonic cleaning machine is mainly has the mechanical effect (such as sound transmission medium of the particle vibration displacement, velocity, acceleration, pressure and other mechanical quantity), thermal effect (sound waves in the propagation of some of its energy is absorbed by the medium into heat) and the effect of the cavity. The cavity effect is the application of sound chemical theoretical basis, is also the most important. Cavity effect by nucleation, growth and in cavity of collapse of three steps. Liquid in the reaction system, there is tension in the weak area, namely the containing gas or liquid gas exists in the dust of the liquidsolid interface as nuclear gas, under the effect of ultrasonic cleaning machine, the air grew up nuclear expansion, as well as the surrounding liquid vapor or gas filled, because of internal and external pressure disparity cavity collapse, rupture, the centralized energy of sound field in a very short time and release tiny space, make local medium form of several hundred to several thousand K high temperature and high pressure of more than hundreds of atmospheric pressure, and produce a great impact, have the effect of intense agitation, generates a large number of micro bubble at the same time. They again as a new nuclear gas, make the loop continues, this is called the cavity effect.Since the ultrasonic cleaning machine technology in the 1960 s, scientists have found that a certain frequency range of ultrasonic cleaning machine, role in liquid medium, can achieve the effect of cleaning. After a period of study and test, not only satisfied the effect, and found that the cleaning efficiency is high, thus the ultrasonic cleaning machine cleaning machine has been gradually applied to all walks of life. At the beginning of the application, due to the limitation of the electronics industry, ultrasonic cleaning machine cleaning equipment power supply relatively large volume, stability and service life is not very ideal, expensive, general industrial and mining enterprises is difficult to bear, but its excellent cleaning efficiency and effectiveness, let some powerful stateowned enterprises still love at first sight. With the rapid development of electronic industry, a new generation of electronic ponents emerge in endlessly, application of new electronic circuits and electronic ponents, ultrasonic cleaning machine power
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