【正文】 ． It turned out that this could be done using a pair of concentric metallic rings with gaps that prevent current from circulating． Because these rings are both capacitors (they store electric charge) and inductors (they induce magic fields that selfsustain any current flowing through them)， the presence of gaps leads to a resonant response， with charge accumulating alternately on one side of the gap and then the other， sloshing back and forth through the rings rather as a mass vibrates back and forth on a spring． At frequencies near the characteristic frequency of this resonant electron flow，ε and 181。 confined the idea to the realm of speculation． But in the late 1990s， John Pendry found that， by assembling a collection of appropriately designed metallic structures， a material can be fabricated that has both negativeε and negative 181。 transparent materials have positive ε， too． In these normal materials， therefore， the refractive index is a real and positive number．In 1968， the Soviet physicist Victor Veselago showed that a hypothetical material with negative ε and 181。 Beigang， Marco Rahm． Polarizationindependent active metamaterial for highfrequency　terahertz modulation．Opt．Express．2022． 17(2):819827． [22] R． Kcrsling， G． Sifiuscr， K． Unierrainer． Terahertz phase modulator． ElectronicsL Leters ．2022．36(13):11561158． [23] HouTong Chen ．Active Thz metamaterial divce．US2022/0262766 AL [24] Ranjan Singh， Evgenya Smirnova， Antoite J． Taylor et al．Optically thin terahertz metamaterials． Optics Express．2022 ．16(9):65376543．[25] HouTong Chen， Hong Lu， Abul K． Azad et al．Electronic control of extraordinary terahertz transmission throughsubwavelength metal hole arrays． Optics Express．2022．16(11):733783．致 謝 辭衷心地感謝李德華老師，在我的畢業(yè)設計完成過程中給予的指導和幫助，使我學到了很多專業(yè)知識，為以后的研究生學習提供了一個良好的開端．感謝我在大學中的老師，不僅教了我專業(yè)知識，而且還教了我怎樣學習、做人做事，使我受益匪淺．同時他們?yōu)槲姨峁┝藢捤傻膶W習環(huán)境，使我有機會學習更多的知識．還要感謝在學習和生活上幫助和支持過我的同學們，是他們使我的大學過得更有意義．附 錄英文文獻翻譯A terahertz modulatorDaniel MittlemanTiny metal resonators can be used to create a material with tunable responses to an applied voltage． Combined with a semiconductor substrate， they can be used to control technologically promising terahertz radiation． Electromagic radiation with frequencies lying between the microwave region and the infrared — socalled terahertz radiation —holds great promise for imaging and sensing applications． It is nonionizing， and therefore causes less damage to biological tissue than conventional， higherenergy Xrays． It perates plastics and clothing， but not metal， and so is ideal for security screening and noncontact testing or inspection． But to realize the full potential of terahertz radiation， more sophisticated techniques for its generation， manipulation and detection are required． In this issue， Chen et al． (page 597) fill an important gap in our capabilities． They report the development of an efficient， electrically driven modulator for terahertz signals that functions at room temperature． This work builds on exciting developments in the field of Metamaterials． These are materials engineered to have electromagic responses that are impossible in naturally occurring materials， such as a negative refractive index． The refractive index of a material， n， is a measure of the speed of light in the material， and is given by n ， where 181。gel， Sandra Wolff， Jan Heinrich， Sven H246。．[J] ． Soviet Physics Uspekhi． 1968， 10 (4): 509–514．[2] Pendry J B，Holden A J，Robbins D J，Stewart W J． Sandstrom． TMagism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena [J]． IEEE Trans． Microwave Theory Tech， 1999， 47： 2075–2084．[3] D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, D. C. Vier, S. C. NematNasser, S. Schultz．Composite medium with simultaneously　negative permeability and permittivity．Phys. Rev. Lett. 2022．84(18):4184 –4187[4] Withawat Withayachumnanku，erek Abbott． Metamaterials in the Terahertz Regime． IEEE Photonics Journal．2022，1(2):101118．[5] Daniel Mittlema． A terahertz modulator． Nature．2022，444:560561．[6] HouTong Chen， Willie J． Padilla， Michael J． Cich , Abul K. Azad , Richard D. Averitt , Antoite J. Taylor．A metamaterial solidstate terahertz phase modulator．Nature Photonics．2022，3:148151．[7] W． J． Padilla，A． J． Taylor, C. Highstrete, Mark Lee, R. D. Averitt．Dynamical Electric and Magic Metamaterial Response at Terahertz Frequencies． Phys．Rev．Lett ．2022． 96(10): 107401(14)．[8] J．M． Manceau， N．H． Shen， M． Kafesaki，C. M. Soukoulis, S. Tzortzakis．Dynamic response of Metamaterials in the terahertz regime: Blueshifttunability and broadband phase modulation． Appled Physics Letters．2022． 96(2):202211(13)．[9] JiuSheng Li． Terahertz wave modulator based on optically controllable metamaterial． Optics amp。m，W=54 181。m， G=52 181。摘 要Metamaterial 指的是一些具有人工設計的結構，并呈現(xiàn)出自然材料所不具備的超常物理性質的復合材料，它能夠以一種新奇的方式實現(xiàn)對電磁波的調控．太赫茲波段 Metamaterial 的實現(xiàn)產生了全新的操縱太赫茲波的技術．本文主要包括以下內容: 1．Metamaterial 的實現(xiàn)原理和一般結構．2．各種基于 Metamaterial 的電控、光控和溫控太赫茲調制器．3．太赫茲 Metamaterial 偏振特性，互補特性，手性及高溫超導材料的太赫茲 Metamaterial 的研究情況．關鍵詞：Metamaterial ，太赫茲，調制器AbstractMetamaterials are fascinating new manmade materials acquire novel electromagic properties that can manipulate beams of light in surprising ways． Some new technology to manipulate of terahertz wave have brought out as a result of the realization of Metamaterial in terahertz regime． The main contents of this paper are as follows． The first part is about the theory and structure of Metamaterials． The second part is about some Metamaterial terahertz modulator． The last part is on some Metamaterials with novel properties such as polarization， plement， chirality and High Temperature Supercon