【正文】 a silent auction, in which bidders do not know who is placing bids or what the bid prices are； auction：Auction in which the highest bidder wins but pays only the second highest bid； trading：The selling of several related products and/or services together；Order fulfillment:all the activities needed to provide customers with their ordered goods and services,including related customer servicesBackoffice operations:the activitees that support fulfillment of orders,such as packing,delivery,accounting,and logisticsFrontoffice operations:the business processes,such as sales and advertising,which are visible to customerselogistics:the logistics of EC systems,typically involving small parcels sent to many customers’ homes(in B2C)ERP:an enterprisewide information system designed to coordinate all the resources,information,and activities needed to plete business processes such as order fulfillment or billing.Sealedbid auction:auction in which each bidder bids only once。 puting capabilities embedded into the objects around us； media：The online platforms and tools that people use to share opinions, experiences, insights, perceptions, and various media, including photos, videos, and music, with each other；：Companies that introduce a significant change in their industries, thus causing a disruption in normal business operations； (Internet) munity：A group of people with similar interests who interact with one another using the Internet； social networking：Members converse and connect with one another using cell phones or other mobile devices； network：A group of people who have some kind of mercial relationship。 a pany submits its surplus to the exchange and receives points of credit, which can be used to buy the items that the pany needs from other exchange participantsdesktop purchasing:Direct purchasing from internal marketplaces without the approval of supervisors and without the intervention of a procurement departmentgroup purchasing:The aggregation of orders from several buyers into volume purchases so that better prices can be negotiatedconsortium trading exchange (CTE) :An exchange formed and operated by a group of major panies in an industry to provide industrywide transaction servicespartner relationship management (PRM) :Business strategy that focuses on providing prehensive quality service to business partnerssupply chain:The flow of materials, information, money, and services from raw material suppliers through factories and warehouses to the end customerssupply chain:A supply chain that is managed electronically, usually with Web technologiesprocurement:The process made up of a range of activities by which an organization obtains or gains access to the resources (materials, skills, capabilities, facilities) they require to undertake their core business activitiessupply chain management (SCM) :A plex process that requires the coordination of many activities so that the shipment of goods and services from supplier right through to customer is done efficiently and effectively for all parties concerned. SCM aims to minimize inventory levels, optimize production and increase throughput, decrease manufacturing time, optimize logistics and distribution, streamline order fulfillment, and overall reduce the costs associated with these activitiesesupply chain management (eSCM) :The collaborative use of technology to improve the operations of supply chain activities as well as the management of supply chainsbullwhip effect:Erratic shifts in order up and down supply chainsradio frequency identification (RFID) :Tags that can be attached to or embedded in objects, animals, or humans and use radio waves to municate with a reader for the purpose of uniquely identifying the object or transmitting data and/or storing information about the objectcorporate (enterprise) portal:A gateway for entering a corporate Web site, enabling munication, collaboration, and access to pany informationinformation portals:Portals that store data and enable users to navigate and query the datacollaborative portals:Portals that allow collaborationgroupware:Software products that support groups of people who share mon tasks or goals and collaborate on their acplishmentvirtual team:A group of employees using information and munications technologies to collaborate from different work basesvirtual meetings:Online meetings whose members are in different locations, even in different countriesgroup decision support system (GDSS) :An interactive puterbased system that facilitates the solution of semistructured and unstructured problems by a group of decision makers (G2C)：Egovernment category that includes all the interactions between a government and its citizens； (G2B)：Egovernment category that includes interactions between governments and businesses； (G2G)：Egovernment category that includes activities within government units and those between governments； (G2E)：Egovernment category that includes activities and services between government units and their employees； government (mgovernment)：The wireless implementation of egovernment mostly to citizens but also to business；：The online delivery of information for purposes of education, training, or knowledge management； learning：Formal education that takes p