【正文】 19 / 19。無效法律行為 void act； act without legal effect物權(quán) property西塞羅　Marcus Tullius Cicero習(xí)慣法custom law細則 detailed rules and regulations； details bylaws狹義解釋 narrow definition下文另有規(guī)定者除外 except as hereinafter provided先決條件 precedent condition； prerequisite現(xiàn)實主義法學(xué) realism jurisprudence現(xiàn)行法律 current law； existing law限制解釋 restrictive interpretation判例法系 Case Law System普通法法系 CommonLaw System判例法系 Case Law System判例匯編 reports； reports of judgments普通法 mon law普通法法系 CommonLaw System普通法上的補償 monlaw remedy普通法上的過失 monlaw negligence普通法上的留置權(quán) monlaw lien普通法學(xué) general jurisprudence強制辦法 coercive method強制規(guī)定 mandatory provisions強制性法規(guī) mandatory rule of law強制性條款 mandatory term侵犯財產(chǎn)權(quán) property torts侵權(quán)行為法 tort law侵權(quán)責(zé)任 tortious liability清理法規(guī) check up laws and regulations區(qū)域性法律體系 regional system of laws取證 obtain evidence確權(quán)之訴 affirmative petitory action； cause for ownership affirmation確認之訴 action for confirmation； actio confessoria權(quán)威解釋 authentic interpretation人法 human law， statute personalia人格減等 capitis deminutio人身不可侵犯 inviolability of the person人身非財產(chǎn)關(guān)系 personal nonproperty relations人身關(guān)系 personal relation任意解釋 arbitrary interpretation柔性憲法 flexible constitution三權(quán)分立 separation of powers善意推定 presumption of good faith商法 mercial law商法典 code of merce社會法學(xué)　sociological jurisprudence社會關(guān)系 social relations社會規(guī)范 social regulation社會連帶主義法學(xué) social solidarism jurisprudence社會契約論 theory of social contract社會團體：social organization社會主義法學(xué) socialist jurisprudence社會主義法制 socialist legal system； socialist rule of law社會規(guī)范 social regulation社會連帶主義法學(xué) social solidarism jurisprudence社會契約論 theory of social contract社會團體：social organization社會主義法學(xué) socialist jurisprudence社會主義法制 socialist legal system； socialist rule of law神法 divine law神權(quán)說 theory of divine right審查制度 censorship； inspection system審計監(jiān)督 supervise through auditing審計監(jiān)督權(quán) power to supervise through auditing生效條款 operative clause失效法律 expired laws失效日 expiry date施行細則 implementary provisions實證主義法學(xué)派 the positivist school《十二表法》 Twelve Tables實體法 material law； substantial law實體法上的抗辯 substantial defense實體權(quán)利 substantive right實用主義法學(xué) judicial pragmaticism實在法 positive law實在法學(xué) positive jurisprudence實在法學(xué)派 positivist實在主義法學(xué) positivist jurisprudence實證法學(xué) positive jurisprudence實質(zhì)條款 material stipulation實質(zhì)性的瑕疵 defect of substance實質(zhì)性解釋 material interpretation事實的推定 presumption of fact事業(yè)單位：institution適用法律 reference to the law； applicable law適用范圍 area of application； sphere of application適用中國法律：be governed by the law of PRC （The law of PRC shall apply to）溯及既往原則 doctrine of retroactivity溯及力 retrospect； retrospective effect損害賠償 damages梭倫 Solon彈性憲法 elastic constitution特別程序 special procedure特別但書 special proviso特別法 special law特殊主體 special subject提案motion； overture； proposal提出抗辯 raise a plea； raise a plead條約法 law of treaties同態(tài)復(fù)仇 retaliation推定合法presumption of legality停止生效cease to have effect外國法 foreign law外國法制史 foreign legal history外國人待遇 foreigner treatment完全民事權(quán)利能力：full capacity for civil conduct完全喪失行為能力的人 person entirely incapable of legal transaction完全無行為能力 absolute disability萬民法 jus gentium違法構(gòu)成要件 essential condition of delict違憲 violation of constitution烏爾比安 Ulpianus無國籍人：stateless persons無條件解釋 unconditional interpretation無效的法律 void law按照法律規(guī)定according to law按照確定的份額分享權(quán)力：be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit按照確定的份額分擔(dān)義務(wù)：assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt案例教學(xué)法case system案例匯編case book； case report； law report柏拉圖 Plato《保護人權(quán)與基本自由公約》（1950） Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms， 1950　（羅）被視為be deemed as被宣布為非法be outlawed； be declared illegal比較法parative law比較法學(xué)parative jurisprudence比較法學(xué)派school of parative jurisprudence比較法制史 parative legal history比較分析法method of parative analysis比較刑法parative penal law比較刑法學(xué)parative penal jurisprudence必然因果關(guān)系positive causal relationship邊緣法學(xué)borderline jurisprudence變通辦法adaptation； acmodation補充規(guī)定supplementary provision補救辦法remedial measures不成文法unwritten law不成文憲法unwritten constitution不動產(chǎn)所在地法律 law of the place where the real property is situated； lex loci rei immobilisci不可分割的權(quán)利impartible right不可抗力 force majuere不可侵犯性inviolability不可讓與性inalienability不履行法律義務(wù)nonperformance of obligation不要式行為informal act不要因的法律行為noncausal juristic act不因?qū)嵭Ф鴨适У臋?quán)利imprescriptible right不作為abstain from an act； act of omission部門法department law部門規(guī)章regulation參照 consult參照具體情況 in the light of actual conditions參照原文 consult the original查士丁尼法典 Code Justinian； Codex J