【正文】 如果將螺旋彈簧安裝在驅(qū)動輪上，往往需要用。螺旋彈簧的優(yōu)點是：緊密度好，沒有可移動部件，重量分配合理等。搖臂桿與車架橫構(gòu)件之間采用橡膠襯套以便降低噪聲和衰減振動。搖臂桿活動的連接著低控制臂和車架橫構(gòu)件。無論哪種方式，減振器都安裝在彈簧的中心線上。螺旋彈簧普遍應(yīng)用在長短臂懸架系統(tǒng)中。因為它純粹是由一根圓形彈簧鋼變成螺旋線圈形狀的。目前，懸架系統(tǒng)主要使用四種類型的彈簧：螺旋彈簧，扭桿彈簧，鋼板彈簧，空氣彈簧。一個塑料的或者鐵軸承放置在球窩頭和插座之間。球窩接頭的末端是通過一個形狀類似房子的叫插座的東西支持著。這種類型的連接，當(dāng)車輪來回轉(zhuǎn)動時還可以左右運動。下控制臂窩球接頭通常被壓入控制臂內(nèi)以便通過處在正確位置的錐形螺栓和螺母與轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)連接。下控制臂的內(nèi)端被壓入襯套。這個十字軸依次與車架脫離。這控制臂有時叫做A型控制臂因為從上面看起來其形狀像字母A。這種長短臂懸架系統(tǒng)名字的由來是因為兩個控制臂的用處，他們關(guān)系著車身到轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)和車輪的裝配。不等長控制臂懸架系統(tǒng)在美國的汽車中已經(jīng)應(yīng)用很多年了。當(dāng)車輪在平坦的路面上行駛時，彈簧力使得控制臂和車輪回歸原來的位置。當(dāng)車輪通過凸起的路面時，控制臂向上運動壓縮彈簧。轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)是由兩個控制臂安裝在車架上, 這樣有助于懸架繞支點上下運動。但是，各個部件的安裝順序和位置上卻有不一樣。s natural resistance to twisting quickly restores it to its original position, returning the wheel to the road.A torsion bar can store a significantly higher maximum amount of energy than either an equally stressed leaf or coil spring. The torsion offers important weight savings and it is adjustable. In addition, it requires significantly less space than a coil spring.The leaf spring is made of several layers of spring steel stacked one upon the other, Usually, there is one main leaf that uses spring eyes for locating and fastening the spring toe frame or underbody. Several other progressively shorter leaves are placed on the main leaf, and the assembly or leaf pack is held together in the middle by a center bolt and on the ends by rebound clips. Some spring packs use fiber. or plastic pads between leaves to reduce the internal leaf friction. Some vehicles use a single leaf instead of a buildup of multiple leaves. One manufacturer is using a leaf spring manufactured from a nonmetal posite. Leaf springs are usually arched so that the ends are higher than the center when viewed from the side.The leaf spring is usually mounted in three places. A bushing is installed in each of the spring eyes. A bolt through the bushing in the rear spring eye attaches the rear of the spring directly to the vehicle frame. A shackle assembly is attached to the front spring eye and bushing and is then mounted through a shackle bushing to the frame. The shackle assembly allows the leaf spring to pivot up and down. A pair of Ubolts and a tie plate are used to clamp the front or rear axle assembly to the leaf spring.The main advantage of leaf springs is their ability to control vehicle sway and lateral movement. For these reasons, leaf springs are often used on the rear suspension of rear drive vehicles.Many latemodel luxury cars use air springs. The spring is essentially a rubber bag or bladder full of air. A piston is attached to the lower control arm. Movement of the lower control arm causes the piston to move into the air bladder and press the air in the bladder. Air pressure is used to regulate how easy or hard the bladder can be pressed. The air bladder is usually connected to an air pressor, which regulates the action of the air spring based on road conditions.All suspension systems use a shock absorber at each wheel. When the coil, torsion bar, leaf spring, or air spring is deflected, it can oscillate (bounce up and down) uncontrollably, possibly causing the tires to lose contact with the road. This could cause the car to bounce up and down without any control. To prevent this from happening, shock absorbers are used, not to absorb shocks, but to control spring rate and dampen spring shock absorber is a hydraulic device. One end of the shock absorber is attached to a wheel assembly and the other end is attached to the vehicle frame. Shock absorber movement is limited by forcing fluid inside the shock absorber through 附 錄 Ⅱ：中文翻譯汽車懸架系統(tǒng)概述在影響汽車性能的眾多方面中，懸架起著十分重要的作用。附 錄Ⅰ：外文資料Automotive Suspension System OverviewThe impact of the Vehicle in many aspects, Suspension plays a very important role . The ponents of the suspension system perform six basic functions: correct vehicle ride height.2. Reduce the effect of shock forces.3. Maintain correct wheel alignment.4. Support vehicle weight.5. Keep the tires in contact with the road.6. Control the vehicle’s direction of travel.Most suspension systems have the same basic parts and operate basically in the same way. They differ, however, in the way the parts are arranged. The vehicle wheel is attached to a steering knuckle. The steering knuckle is attached to the vehicle frame by two control arms, which are mounted so they can pivot up and down. A coil spring is mounted between the lower control arm and the frame.When the wheel rolls over a bump, the control arms move up and press the spring. When the wheel rolls into a dip, the control arms move down and the springs expand. The spring force brings the control arms and the wheel back into the normal position as soon as the wheel is on flat pavement. The idea is to allow the wheel to move up and down while the frame, body, and passengers stay smooth and level. The unequal length control arm or short, long arm (SLA) suspension system has been mon on American vehicles for many years. Because each wheel is independently connected to the frame by a steering knuckle, ball joint assemblies, and upper and lower control arms, the system is often described as an independent suspension. The short, long arm suspension system gets its name from the use of two control arms from the frame to the steering knuckle and wheel assembly. The two control arms are of unequal length with a long control arm on the bottom and a short control arm on the top. The control arms are sometimes called A arms because in the top view they are shaped like the letter A. In the short, long arm suspension system, the upper control arm is attached to a cross shaft through two bination rubber and metal bushings. The cross shaft, in turn, is bolted to the frame. A ball joint, called the upper ball joint, is attached to the outer end of the upper arm and connects to the steering knuckle through a tapered stud held in position with a nut. The inner ends of the lower control arm have pressedin bushings. Bolts, passing through the bushings, attach the a