【正文】 Electrical discharge machiningElectrical discharge machining has proved especially valuable in the machining of supertough, electrically conductive materials such as the new spaceage alloys. These metals would have been difficult to machine by conventional methods, but EDM has made it relatively simple to machine intricate shapes that would be impossible to produce with conventional cutting tools. This machining process is continually finding further applications in the metalcutting industry. It is being used extensively in the plastic industry to produce cavities of almost any shape in the steel molds. Electrical discharge machining is a controlled metal removal technique whereby an electric spark is used to cut (erode) the workpiece, which takes a shape opposite to that of the cutting tool or electrode. The cutting tool (electrode) is made from electrically conductive material, usually carbon. The electrode, made to the shape of the cavity required, and the workpiece are both submerged in a dielectric fluid, which is generally a light lubricating oil. This dielectric fluid should be a nonconductor (or poor conductor) of electricity. A servo mechanism maintains a gap of about to in. ( to mm) between the electrode and the work, preventing them from ing into contact with each other. A direct current of low voltage and high amperage is delivered to the electrode at the rate of approximately 20 000 hertz (Hz). These electrical energy impulses bee sparks which jump the dielectric fluid. Intense heat is created in the localized area of the park impact, the metal melts and a small particle of molten metal is expelled from the surface of the workpiece . The dielectric fluid, which is constantly being circulated, carries away the eroded particles of metal and also assists in dissipating the heat caused by the spark.In the last few years, major advances have been made with regard to the surface finishes that can be produced. With the low metal removal rates, surface finishes of 2 to 4 um. ( to ) are possible. With high metal removal rates finishes of 1 000uin. (25um) are produced.The type of finish required determines the number of amperes which can be used, the capacitance, frequency, and the voltage setting. For fast metal removal (roughing cuts), high amperage, low frequency, high capacitance, and minimum gap voltage are required. For slow metal removal (finish cut) and good surface finish, low amperage, high frequency, low capacitance, and the highest gap voltage are required.Electrical discharge machining has many advantages over conventional machining processes.1. Any material that is electrically conductive can be cut, regardless of its hardness. It is especially valuable for cemented carbides and the new supertough spaceage alloys that are extremely difficult to cut by conventional means.2. Work can be machined in a hardened state, thereby overing the deformation caused by the hardening process.3. Broken taps or drills can readily be removed from workpieces. 4. It does not create stresses in the work material since the tool (electrode) never es in contact with the work.5. The process is burrfree.6. Thin, fragile sections can be easily machined without deforming.7. Secondary finishing operations are generally eliminated for many types of work.8. The process is automatic in that the servomechanism advances the electrode into the work as the metal is removed.9. One person can operate several EDM machines at one time.10. Intricate shapes, impossible to produce by conventional means, are cut out of a solid with relative ease.11. Better dies and molds can be produced at lower costs.12. A die punch can be used as the electrode to reproduce its shape in the matching die plate, plete with the necessary clearance. 14。 。 9 .一個人可同時操作幾臺電火花加工機(jī)床。 7 . 對許多類型的工件，一般不需第二次精加工。 5 . 加工出的零件無毛刺。 3 . 很容易將斷在工件中的絲錐和鉆頭除。對用常規(guī)方法極難切削的硬質(zhì)合金和超韌性的太空合金，電火化加工特別有價值。 與常規(guī)機(jī)加工方法相比，電火花加工有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)?？焖偾谐饘伲ù智邢鳎r，用大電流,低頻率,高電容和最小的間隙電壓。用高的金屬切除率[如高達(dá)15in3/h()]時，表面粗糙度為1000vin.(25vm)。 在最近幾年，電火花加工的主要進(jìn)步是降低了它加工后的表面粗糙度。在火花沖擊的局部區(qū)域，產(chǎn)生了大量的熱量，金屬融化了，從工件表面噴出融化金屬的小粒子。 ~（~）的間隙，以阻止他們相互接觸。工件與電極都浸在不導(dǎo)電的液體里，這種液體通常是輕潤滑油。切削刀具用導(dǎo)電材料（通常是碳）制造。塑料工業(yè)已廣泛使用這種方法，如在鋼制模具上加工幾乎是任何形狀的模腔。這些金屬很難用常規(guī)方法加工，用常規(guī)的切削刀具不可能加工極其復(fù)雜的形狀，電火花加工使之變得相對簡單了。在此向?qū)W院工程系的全體老師表示由衷的謝意。不積跬步何以至千里，本設(shè)計能夠順利的完成，也歸功于各位任課老師的認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)，使我能夠很好的掌握和運(yùn)用專業(yè)知識，并在設(shè)計中得以體現(xiàn)。在學(xué)習(xí)和生活期間，也始終感受著導(dǎo)師的精心指導(dǎo)和無私的關(guān)懷，我受益匪淺。第二個層次是“提高”