【正文】 s stress circle 莫力應(yīng)力圓Mohrcoulomb failure criteria 莫爾庫(kù)倫破壞準(zhǔn)則normal stress 法向應(yīng)力（正應(yīng)力）oedometer curve 壓縮曲線optimum moisture content 最優(yōu)含水量piping 管涌plastic limit 塑限plasticity index 塑性指標(biāo)pore water pressure 空隙水壓力porosity 空隙率principal stress 主應(yīng)力Proctor paction test 普氏擊實(shí)試驗(yàn)relative density 相對(duì)密度sand replacement method 灌砂法saturability (saturation degree/percent saturation) 飽和度saturated unit weight 飽和容重seepage deformation 滲透變形seepage force(seepage pressure) 滲透力seepage line 滲透線seepage speed 滲透速度shear stress 切向應(yīng)力（剪應(yīng)力）shrinkage limit 縮限skip(gap/jump) grading 間斷級(jí)配specific gravity of soil particle 土粒比重steady seepage field 穩(wěn)定滲流場(chǎng)stress path 應(yīng)力路徑total strength envelope 總強(qiáng)度包線triaxial pression test 三軸壓縮試驗(yàn)unconfined pression strength 無(wú)側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度unconsolidated undrained test 不固結(jié)不排水剪（快剪）試驗(yàn)variable head method 變水頭法void(pore) ratio 孔隙比water replacement method 灌水法wet density 濕密度其它建筑材料鋼筋（steel ）bending and unbending 反復(fù)彎曲cold bending test 冷彎試驗(yàn)elongation test 拉伸試驗(yàn)nominal diameter 公稱直徑ratio of elongation 伸長(zhǎng)率relaxation test 松弛試驗(yàn)steel strand 鋼絞線tensile yield strength 拉伸屈服強(qiáng)度ultimate tensile strength 極限抗拉強(qiáng)度木材（Wood）curshing strength paralled to thegrain 順紋抗壓強(qiáng)度tensile strength paralled to thegrain 順紋抗拉強(qiáng)度crushing strength across th egrain 橫紋抗壓強(qiáng)度tensile strength across to thegrain 橫紋抗拉強(qiáng)度瀝青（Asphalt）brittle temperature test 脆化點(diǎn)試驗(yàn)expansion test 延伸度試驗(yàn)penetration test 針入式試驗(yàn)softening point test 軟化點(diǎn)試驗(yàn)test of aging 老化試驗(yàn)viscosity test 粘滯性試驗(yàn)質(zhì)量管理（ Quality Management）average 平均值deviation standard(error of meansquares) 均方差deviation coefficient(dispersioncoefficient) 離差系數(shù)index of correlation 相關(guān)系數(shù)management limit 管理界限mathematic statistics 數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)maximum 最大值minimum 最小值normal distribution 正態(tài)分布quality assurance 質(zhì)量保證quality examination 質(zhì)量檢測(cè)regression curve 回歸曲線relative dampness 相對(duì)濕度sample capacity 樣本容量sampling frequency 取樣頻率specimen 樣品statistical analysis 統(tǒng)計(jì)分析technical specification 技術(shù)規(guī)范technical standard 技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)testing circumstance 試驗(yàn)環(huán)境testing error 試驗(yàn)誤差testing regulation 試驗(yàn)規(guī)程variance analysis 方差分析◆地質(zhì)(Geology)地質(zhì)年代（Geochronology of Geologic Ages）Archaeozoic era (erathem) 太古代（界）Proterozoic era (erathem) 元古代（界）Palaeozoic era (erathem) 古生代（界）Mesozoic era (erathem) 中生代（界）Cenozoic era (erathem) 新生代（界）Sinian period (system) 震旦紀(jì)（系）Cambrian period (system) 寒武紀(jì)（系）Ordovician period (system) 奧陶紀(jì)（系）Silurian period (system) 志留紀(jì)（系）Devonian period (system) 泥盤(pán)紀(jì)（系）Carboniferous period (system) 石碳紀(jì)（系）Permian period (system) 二疊紀(jì)（系）Triassic period (system) 三疊紀(jì)（系）Jurassic period (system) 侏羅紀(jì)（系）Cretaceous period (system) 白堊紀(jì)（系）Tertiary period (system) 第三紀(jì)（系）Quaternary period (system) 第四紀(jì)（系）地質(zhì)構(gòu)造（Geologic Structural）fault 斷層normal fault 正斷層reversed fault 逆斷層parallel fault 平移斷層gouge 斷層泥stria 擦痕joint 節(jié)理primary joint 原生節(jié)理secondary joint 次生節(jié)理tension joint 張節(jié)理unloading joint 卸荷節(jié)理schistosity 片理bedding 層理foliation 板理（葉理）ripple mark 波痕mud crack 泥痕rain print 雨痕orientation of bedrock 巖層產(chǎn)狀strike 走向dip 傾向angle of dip (dip angle ) 傾角fold 褶皺anticline 背斜syncline 向斜Monocline (homocline) 單斜dome 穹隆soft stratum 軟弱巖層zone of fracture(broken zone ) 破碎帶affected zone 影響帶platy structure 板狀構(gòu)造cleavage 解理fracture(rupture) 斷裂fissure(crack/fracture) 裂隙巖石類(lèi)型（Rock type）petrology 巖石學(xué)igneous rock 火成巖magmatic rock 巖漿巖lava(vocanic rock) 火山巖intrusive (invade) rock 侵入巖effusive rock 深成巖pypabussal rock 淺成巖acid rock 酸性巖intermediate rock 中性巖basic rock 基性巖ultrabasic rock 超基性巖granite 花崗巖porphyry 斑巖rhyolite 玢巖syenite 流紋巖trachyte 粗面巖diorite 閃長(zhǎng)巖andesite 安山巖gabbro 輝長(zhǎng)巖basalt 玄武巖aplite 細(xì)晶巖pegmatite 偉晶巖lamprophyre 煌斑巖diabase 輝綠巖dunite 橄欖巖pumice 浮巖sedimentary rock 沉積巖clastic rock 碎屑巖clay rock 黏土巖chemical rock 化學(xué)巖biolith 生物巖conglomerate 礫巖siltstone 粉砂巖mudstone 泥巖shale 頁(yè)巖saline rock 鹽巖limestone 石灰?guī)rdolomite 白云巖marl 泥灰?guī)rvolcanic breccia 火山角礫巖volcanic agglomerate 火山塊集巖tuff 凝灰?guī)rmetamorphic rock 變質(zhì)巖slate 板巖phyllite 千枚巖schist 片巖gneiss 片麻巖quartzite 石英巖marble 大理巖mylonite 糜棱巖migmatite 混合巖cataclasite 碎裂巖sediment(deposit) 沉積物（層）boulder 漂石、頑石cobble 卵石gravel 礫石sand 砂siltstone 粉土clay 黏土sandy clay 砂質(zhì)黏土clayey sand 粘質(zhì)砂土sandy loam 壤土、亞黏土regolith ( topsoil ) 浮土、表土loess 黃土laterite 紅土peat 泥炭ooze 軟泥、海泥造巖礦物（ RockformingMinerals）talc 滑石gypsum 石膏calcite 方解石fluorite 螢石apatite 磷灰石feldspar 長(zhǎng)石quartz 石英topaz 黃玉corundum 剛玉diamand 金剛石orthoclase 正長(zhǎng)石plagloclase 斜長(zhǎng)石biotite 黑云母muscovite 白云母amphibole 角閃石phroxene 輝石olivine 橄欖石dolomite 白云石kaolinite 高嶺石montmorillonite 蒙脫石bentonite 斑脫石、膨潤(rùn)土illite 伊力石garnet 石榴子石chlorite 綠泥石serpentine 蛇紋石pyrite 黃鐵礦hematite 赤鐵礦magnetite 磁鐵礦limonite 褐鐵礦工程地質(zhì)（ Engineering Geology）Geotechnics ( geotechnique) 土工學(xué)（土工技術(shù)、巖石工程）rock mechanics 巖石力學(xué)soil mechanics 土力學(xué)geomechanics 地質(zhì)力學(xué)、巖石力學(xué)engineering geologicalconditons 工程地質(zhì)條件engineering geological problem 工程地質(zhì)問(wèn)題rock mass structure 巖體結(jié)構(gòu)geographic and geomorphic conditions 地形地貌條件geophysical phenomenon 物理地質(zhì)現(xiàn)象hydrogeological conditions 水文地質(zhì)條件natural materials 天然材料reservoir 水庫(kù)settlement 沉降displacement 位移deformation 變形tectonic stress 構(gòu)造應(yīng)力residual stress 殘余應(yīng)力angle of internal friction 內(nèi)摩擦角cohesion 內(nèi)聚力（粘聚力、凝聚力）pressure tunnel 壓力隧洞underground cavern/cavity 地下洞室overburden 覆蓋物bed rock(base rock/foundation rock) 基巖firm/sound rock 堅(jiān)硬巖石weak/soft rock 軟弱巖石interbed 夾層zone of fracture (broken zones ) 破碎帶homogeneity 均質(zhì)性nonhomogeneity/heterogeneity 非均質(zhì)性isotropy 各向同性anisotropy 各向異性礦物質(zhì)的物理性質(zhì)(Physical Character of Minerals)hardness 硬度luster 光澤color 顏色transparencey/pellucidity 透明度streak 條痕rent/fracture 斷口crystal form 晶形巖石學(xué)(Petrology)classification 分類(lèi)structure 構(gòu)造應(yīng)力texture 結(jié)構(gòu)fabric 組構(gòu)mineral position 礦物組成crystalline 結(jié)晶質(zhì)amorphous substance 非晶質(zhì)fossil 化石degree of roundi