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t think it39。t think it39。t think it39。t think it39。Stem Cells and Lineages: Mechanisms of Lung Development ? Overview of stages of lung development ? EpitheialMesenchymal interactions ? Budding ? Branching morphogenesis ? Sacularization and Alveolarization (Maturation) ? Genes and growth factors that control these processes ? Focus on how these molecules were shown to play a role in the processes ? Lungs did not develop from gills, they are a pletely separate structrure ? Developed from swim bladders in fish ? Gills develop from pharyngeal arches independently of lungs. Stem Cells and Lineages: Mechanisms of Lung Development Early Late Bladder Review of mouse lung development Cordoso, Dev. Dyn. 219:121 (2022) Neonatology: SE Wert 5th edition 1999. Overview of mouse lung development Pseudoglandular Canalicular Saccular Alveolar Review of mouse lung development Neonatology: SE Wert 5th edition 1999. Cordoso, Dev. Dyn. 219:121 (2022) Pseudoglandular Canalicular Saccular Alveolar Overview of mouse lung development Summary of stages Early Late Nodal (TGF? member) Foxa2, Sox17, GATA4,6, Stat3 needed for gut tube formation as shown by KOs Bladder Budding Evidence for players 1) Tissue rebination experiments (70 years ago to today) 2) In situ hybridization (guilt by assocation) 3) Gene KOs and transgenics 4) In vitro culture assays with beads and factors 1) Tissue rebination experiments (70 years ago to today) Rudnick, D. 1933 Chick lung rudiments transplanted onto Chorioallantoic membranes and cultured. Mesenchyme required for branching. Wessells, N 1970 Lung buds form opposite sites where lung mesenchyme is placed in vitro. Masters, JRW 1976 Mesenchyme is needed to induce branching morphogenesis in vitro from tracheal buds. Shannon, JM 1994 Distal mesen