【正文】 for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen。 riding for the head。 shooting for the lungs and breast。 moral grave。 the mathematics subtle。 and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he does not. Histories make men wise。 and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory。 else distilled books are, like mon distilled waters, flashy things.Reading makes a full man。 and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others。 that is, some books are to be read only in parts。 nor to find talk and discourse。 but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute。 and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them。 to use them too much for ornament, is affectation。 and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one。 to succeed in life it is necessary to reject physical evolution in favor of moral change.B. The ideas of Charles Darwin needed to be carefully delineated through lectures so that his ideas about individual variation could be fully understood.C. By exerting personal will, humankind will be able to enact significant, lasting variation which will be demonstrated through the bodies of the children of those who seek change.D. While humankind is inescapably linked to its physical past and the material conditions of its evolution, it must be wary of being too attached to the path dictated by natural selection.E. Certain elements of Darwin’s theory about evolution had to be discarded so that the public would be willing to accept the thrust of the theory as a whole.3) Which of the following would the authors of Passage A and Passage B mostly likely agree to be most closely aligned in their thinking?A. Lamarck and Huxley.B. Kipling and Wells.C. Mayr and Bowler.D. Mendel and Huxley.E. Dobzhansky and Wells.4) Which of the following statements about Darwin is supported by both passages?A. Darwin differed significantly from other theorists of evolution because he focused on breeding populations as a whole.B. The modern understanding of Darwin varies significantly from nineteenthcentury beliefs about his theories.C. It was not until the early twentieth century that Darwinism as we know it began to emerge.D. Fiction writers were particularly interested in disseminating ideas about Darwin.E. Delineating the specific inheritance of the child is crucial to understanding how natural selection proceeds.5) Which of the following best represents the difference between the two passages?A. The first passage begins with current understandings of Darwinism and moves back in time, while the second passage begins with older understanding and moves forward in time.B. While the first passage focuses on the difference between two theories of evolution, the second paragraph traces differences between two individual interpreters of evolution.C. The first passage introduces a general theory, offers specific evidence, and thenconsiders the ramifications of that theory, while the second passage does not consider the ramifications of the evidence it represents.D. The first passage is concerned with demonstrating a way in which Darwin is closely linked with modern thinkers, while the second passage is focused on how he differed from one of his contemporaries.E. The first passage provides a historical retrospective of the primary interpreters of Darwin, and the second passage centers on one particular interpreter.6) Based on the information in Passage B, which of the following claims in Passage A would Thomas Huxley be most likely to object to?A. It is impossible to truly understand natural selection without the benefit of modern genetictheory.B. It is likely that the giraffe developed a long neck due to the fact that it constantly stretchedit to gain access to food.C. There are different ways to understand how evolution functions to change individuals.D. Variations in the average character of a population are the most crucial factor in the properevolution of man.E. Allowing natural selection to dominate our society will lead to the destruction of humankind.7) Which of the following situations is most closely analogous to the Lamarckian mode of variation?A. An adult bird tries to change the environment for the benefit of its children.B. Seeking to morally adapt to its environment, a chimpanzee changes the way it woos its mate.C. A giraffe