【正文】 understand natural selection without the benefit of modern genetictheory.B. It is likely that the giraffe developed a long neck due to the fact that it constantly stretchedit to gain access to food.C. There are different ways to understand how evolution functions to change individuals.D. Variations in the average character of a population are the most crucial factor in the properevolution of man.E. Allowing natural selection to dominate our society will lead to the destruction of humankind.7) Which of the following situations is most closely analogous to the Lamarckian mode of variation?A. An adult bird tries to change the environment for the benefit of its children.B. Seeking to morally adapt to its environment, a chimpanzee changes the way it woos its mate.C. A giraffe’s bodily shape changes because it is unable to fit into the caves it traditionallysleeps in.D. Because of a change in the environment, a number of chimpanzees die out while othersthrive and pass on their genes.E. Because it hunts for salmon with its mouth wide open, a bear gradually develops a straining mechanism between its teeth.Part IV Read and CreateIn this part, you will be required to write a short essay on a given topic based on your general reading. You should write with clarity, logic and creativity.1. Write an essay of about 200 words on one of the following topics.1) Hamlet is characterized by his melancholic mood and delay in action. Give a character analysis of Hamlet and list the possible reasons for his melancholy and delay.2) A Tale of Two Cities can be regarded as a historical novel, a moral novel and a novel strongly concerned with themes of resurrection, redemption and patriotism, as well as of guilt, shame and love. What is your understanding of the themes of the novel?2. Read the essay below. Answer one of the following questions by writing an essay of about 200 words.Of StudiesStudies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring。 for ornament, is in discourse。 and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one。 but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, e best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth。 to use them too much for ornament, is affectation。 to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study。 and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them。 for they teach not their own use。 but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute。 nor to believe and take for granted。 nor to find talk and discourse。 but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested。 that is, some books are to be read only in parts。 others to be read, but not curiously。 and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others。 but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books。 else distilled books are, like mon distilled waters, flashy things.Reading makes a full man。 conference a ready man。 and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory。 if he confer little, he had need have a presentwit。 and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he does not. Histories make men wise。 poets witty。 the mathematics subtle。 natural philosophy deep。 moral grave。 logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay there is no stond or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins。 shooting for the lungs and breast。 gentle walking for the stomach。 riding for the head。 and the like. So if a man’s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics。 for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen。 for they are cymini sectores. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another,let him study the lawyers’ cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.1) We are now living in the age of “information explosion”. What lessons can we learn from Bacon’s “Of Studies” to access information?2) In what sense does reading make a full man?17