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2022 American Society of Anesthesiologists, Inc. ? CONCLUSIONS: ? The dimensions of the upper airways of children change shape significantly on awakening from propofol sedation. ? When sedated, the upper airway is oblong shaped, with the AP diameter larger than the transverse diameter. ? On awakening, the shape of the upper airway in most children changed such that the transverse diameter was larger. Crosssectional areas between sedated and awakening states were unchanged. ? These changes may reflect the differential effects of propofol on upper airway musculature during awakening A parison of ketamine and lidocaine spray with propofol for the insertion of laryngeal mask airway in children: a doubleblinded randomized trial. Anesth Analg 01DEC2022。 Wilkins ?several reports linking propofol to the development of metabolic acidosis and cardiac dysrhythmias in pediatric patients ?Arrhythmias, metabolic acidosis, cardiac failure, and death related to propofol use can occur in adults as well as in children Metabolic acidosis and fatal myocardial failure after propofol infusion in children: five case reports BMJ 1992。 2022 Elsevier ? CONCLUSIONS: ? The plasma levels of fentanyl affect the concentrations of propofol required for patients to regain consciousness. ? The BIS values for wakefulness are unaltered at the different binations of propofol and fentanyl concentrations. Thus, the BIS appears to be a useful and consistent indicator for level of consciousness during emergence from propofol/fentanyl intravenous anesthesia Death related to propofol use in an adult patient. Critical Care Medicine Volume 28 ? Number 8 ? August 2022 Copyright 169。 2022 Elsevier ? CONCLUSIONS: ? Coadministration of 10 microg kg(1)midazola