【正文】 Make sure there is plenty of food for everyone. We have plenty of 。 1. plenty of 充分的，大量的，既可修可數(shù)名詞又可修不可數(shù)名詞，只用于陳述句， 在疑問句中一般用 enough，在否定句中用 many 或 much。 We must have food to eat and clothes to 吃，有衣服穿。例如： The doctor has ordered me a special 的飲食。 9． diet與 food的區(qū)別： diet指的是習(xí)慣的食物或規(guī)定的食物，特指維持健康的定量或定質(zhì)的食物。 We advise that steps (should) be taken at once. 我們建議立即采取措施。 advise that… (should) + 動詞原形 I advise you to leave now. 我建議你現(xiàn)在就離開。 (2)用作可數(shù)名詞 brains，智力，頭腦 She has a good brain. =She has good 。 (5)He is a promising boy. 他是一個有前途的男孩。 (3)I promised you not to say that. 我答應(yīng)你不說那件事。n. 允諾；答應(yīng) 動詞用法：后接名詞或代詞、不定式、 that 從句 (1)They promised an immediate reply. 他們答應(yīng)立刻回復(fù)。 e. g. She may possibly be the greatest writer of her generation. 她或許是她那一代人中最偉大的作家。 (2)possibly 可能地。 e. g. He is working hard and clever as well many people can help him. He will probably ，人也聰 明；很多人愿意幫助他。 5. probably 與 possibly比較 (1)probably 極有可能 , 有幾分根據(jù)的猜測 。 e. g. Several children are away from school because of 個孩子因生病沒上學(xué)。 I’ m dieting. 4. disease n. 疾病 a serious disease of the liver 嚴(yán)重的肝病 diseased adj. 有病的 a diseased plant病態(tài)的植物 辨析： illness, disease illness：很少指具體疾病，只表示抽象的疾病和生病的狀態(tài)。 1. stomach n. 肚子，胃，復(fù)數(shù)為 stomachs。 句型與句子結(jié)構(gòu) (句型層次表 ) 第一層 第二層 例句 簡單句 主 謂 I am ing. 主 謂 賓 I like cats. 主 謂 賓 賓 I bought you a book. I bought a book for you. 主 謂 賓 補 I seldom see him do morning exercises. 主 謂 表 I am a teacher. He is very tall. 并列句 主謂 + 主謂 (and, or, but, for) I phoned him but there was no answer. 復(fù)合句 主語從句 名詞性從句 What he told me yesterday is true. 賓語從句 I know that he is an American. 表語從句 This is how he broke the door. 同位語從句 His suggestion that we set off now has been accepted. 定語從句 This is the room where he was born. 狀語從句 Before he came here, he had learnt Chinese for years. 篇三：高一英語知識點總結(jié) (下冊 )教學(xué)知識點歸納總結(jié) 高一英語知識點總結(jié)（下冊）教學(xué)知識點歸納總結(jié) 故本題選 B。分析語境可知本題應(yīng)選 D。最近幾年高考試題中常借助具體的語境來考查考生對那些最常見的情態(tài)動詞的基本用法的理解和掌握，因此在做這樣的試題時應(yīng)認(rèn)真分析語境中所含的實際意義，并結(jié)合情態(tài)動詞的基本含義和用法做出正 確的選擇。 4) I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ＿＿＿＿＿ for her． (NMET 94) A． had to write it out B． must have written it outC． should have written it out D． ought to write it out 由句中的連詞 but可知前后句之間是對立關(guān)系，分析題意可知本題應(yīng)選 C。 need not have done：表示過去本來沒有必要做某事，但事實上卻做了。 should not have done ／ ought not to have done：表示過去本不應(yīng)該做某事但事實上卻做了。又如： Jack ＿＿＿＿ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me． A． mustn t have arrived B． shouldn t have arrived C． can t have arrivedD． need not have arrived （ C） 2．當(dāng)試題的前后句在動作和意義上構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系時，常借助―but, however, instead‖等詞來表示過去的動作與客觀事實不符，這時我們就可以用―對立‖關(guān) 系來解決這樣的試題。 而 B、 D兩項不符合題意。分析選項可知本題應(yīng)選 A。 could ／ might have done：表示對過去發(fā)生的動作的可能性推測，常譯作―可能做了……‖。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有： must have done： 表示對過去動作的肯定推測，常譯作―一定做了……‖，只能用于肯定句中。情態(tài)動詞的這一用法可以用 ―對立統(tǒng)一‖來概括。下面就近幾年來高考試題中出現(xiàn)的情態(tài)動詞的考點進(jìn)行歸納分析，以便同學(xué)們復(fù)習(xí)掌握。情態(tài)動詞的用法復(fù)雜多變，在高考試題中，命題者 常常利用語境和句子之間意義上的細(xì)微差別來考查學(xué)生對情態(tài)動詞的理解和掌握。 (11)practice, training, exercise, drill。 (9)energy, force, strength, power。 (7)range, reach, distance, length。 (5)value, price, cost, charge。 (3)sign, signal, mark, example, symbol。 常易設(shè)題的同、近義名詞有如下各組： (1)cause, reason, excuse, explanation。 八、名詞的同、近義詞辨析 [例 ] I’ m sure David will be able to find the library— he has a pretty good ______ of direction. A. ideaB. feeling C. experience D. sense [析 ] 名詞的同、近義詞辨析，不僅僅較多地應(yīng)用于書面 表達(dá)，而且還可以較為靈活地設(shè)題于單項填空、完形填空或短文改錯題中。out of order就是 in disorder，意為―亂七八糟的‖。 七、名詞搭配的語境限定 [例 ] You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of ________. (2020 廣東高考 ) A. date B. shape C. order D. balance [析 ] out of date 意為―過期，不時髦‖ 。 六、與動詞或介詞構(gòu)成的固定搭配 [例 ] It is said that dogs will keep you _____ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely. A. safety B. pany C. houseD. friend [析 ] 無論是動 賓結(jié)構(gòu)還是介賓結(jié)構(gòu)，有時名詞雖然近義，但卻不能主觀臆斷，而要選擇固定的搭配式。 另應(yīng)注意，除 man, woman常用―單單 (a woman doctor)‖、―復(fù)復(fù) (two women doctors)‖式，及一些特殊詞，如 a goods ship, the sports shoes, a clothes shop等以外，用作修飾詞的名詞，一般都要用單數(shù)式。 但可說 a chemistry teacher(化學(xué) 老師 )，而不可說 a chemical teacher(化學(xué)原料做的老師 ?)，但可說a chemical works(一家化工廠 )。改錯 ) [析 ] 形容詞和名詞都可作定語，但有時含義有別，有時則出現(xiàn)錯誤。 the (5)具體轉(zhuǎn)抽象： day, night, morning, noon, evening, night等用指天色時，表達(dá)抽象概念 (注意其前不用冠詞 )。 the C. a。 再例如： When he left ______ college, he got a job as ______ reporter in a newspaper office. A. 不填 。 不填 但是，在不用冠詞、不用復(fù)數(shù)，而只突出與之有關(guān)的 活動時，它們便失去了具體意義。 不填 C. a。 I can find you _____ bed in my flat. A. the。如： He has a good practical knowledge of puter science (4)具體轉(zhuǎn)抽象： school, college, hospital, court, prison, bed, table, church等，都是可數(shù)名詞，可以有具體的 意義，如 a school, three schools。如： The meeting is a success. (2)抽象轉(zhuǎn)具體： worry, honor, disaster, rain, snow, fog, wind, gas, fire, crop, coffee, tea, food 等，指―一種‖、―一場‖及―多種‖、―多場‖時，有其單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。其考查主要出現(xiàn)在單項和短文改錯題中。②把具體意義的名詞抽象化，從而賦予其不可數(shù)性