【正文】 people discussed ideas and issues in the hallways, on a run, or over a beer. There was little task differentiation. There were no job descriptions, rigid reporting systems, or detailed rules and regulations. The team spirit and shared values of the athletes on Bowerman’s teams carried over and provided the basis for the collegial style of management that characterized the early years of Nikes. 47. While serving as a track coach, Bowerman tried to design running shoes that were _____________. 48. During his visit to Japan, Knight convinced the officials of the Onitsuka Tiger Company that its product would have ______. 49. Blue Ribbon Sports as unable to hire experts due to the absence of ________________ in North America. 50. In the early years of Nike, munication within the pany was usually carried out _________. 51. What qualities of Bowerman’s teams formed the basis of Nike’s early management style? Section B Passage one Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has bee difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use. This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives. To start with, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has changed markedly throughout history, and will continue to do so. Medieval agriculture in northern Europe fed, clothed and sheltered a predominantly rural society with a much lower population density than it is today. It had minimal effect on biodiversity, and any pollution it caused was typically localized. In terms of energy use and the nutrients captured in the product it was relatively inefficient. Contrast this with farming since the start of the industrial revolution. Competition from overseas led farmers to specialize and increase yields. Throughout this period food became cheaper, safe and more reliable. However, these changes have also led to habitat loss and to diminishing biodiversity. What’s more, demand for animal products in developing countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050. yet the growth of cities and industry is reducing the amount of water available for agriculture in many regions. All this means that agriculture in the 21st century will have to be very different from how it was in the will require radical thinking. For example, we need to move away from the idea that traditional practices are inevitably more sustainable than new ones. We also need to abandon the notion that agriculture can be “zero impact”. The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of sustainability, which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage. Instead we need a more dynamic interpretation, one that looks at the pros and cons of all the various way land is used. There are many different ways to measure agricultural performance besides food yield :energy use, environmental costs, water purity, carbon footprint and biodiversity. It is clear, for example, that the carbon of transporting tomatoes from Spain to the UK Is less than that of producing them in the UK with additional heating and lighting. But we do not know whether lower carbon footprints will always be better for biodiversity. What is crucial is recognizing that sustainable agriculture is not just about sustainable food production. 52. How do people often measure progress in agriculture? A) By its productivity B) By its sustainability C) By its impact on the environment D) By its contribution to economic growth 53. Specialisation and the effort to increase yields have resulted in________. A) localised pollution B) the shrinking of farmland C) petition from overseas D) the decrease of biodiversity does the author think of traditional farming practices? A) They have remained the same over the centuries B) They have not kept pace with population growth C) They are not necessarily sustainable D) They are environmentally friendly will agriculture be like in the 21st century A) It will go through radical changes B) It will supply more animal products C) It will abandon traditional farming practices D) It will cause zero damage to the environment 56 What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A) To remind people of the need of sustainable development. B) To suggest ways of ensuring sustainable food production. C) To advance new criteria for measuring farming progress. D) To urge people to rethink what sustainable agriculture is. Passage Two Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage The percentage of immigrants (including those unlawfully present) in the United states has been creeping upward for years. At percent, it is now higher than at any point since the mid1920s We are not about to go back to the days when Congress openly worried about inferior races polluting America’s bloodstream. But once again we are wondering whether we have too many of the wrong sort of newers. Their loudest critics argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did. We now know that these racist views were wrong. In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other socalled inferior races became exemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail , to the building of this magnificent nation. There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success. Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and professional attainment, than t