【正文】 ildren of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and professional attainment, than their parents, UCLA sociologist Edward Tells has found that the gains don’t continue. Indeed, the fourth generation is marginally worse off than the third James Jackson, of the University of Michigan, has found a similar rend among black Caribbean immigrants, Tells fears that MexicanAmericans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacksthat large parts of the munity may bee mired in a seemingly state of poverty and Underachievement. Like AfricanAmericans, MexicanAmericans are increasingly relegated to (降入 )segregated, substandard schools, and their dropout rate is the highest for any ethnic group in the country. We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring people to learn English or to adopt American ways。 his MBA thesis was on marketing athletic shoes. Once he received his degree, Knight traveled to Japan to contact the Onitsuka Tiger Company, a manufacturer of athletic shoes. Knight convinced the pany’s officials of the potential for its product in the . In 1963 he received his first shipment of Tiger shoes, 200 pairs in total. In 1964, Knight and Bowerman contributed $500 each to from Blue Ribbon Sports, the predecessor of Nike. In the first few years, Knight distributed shoes out of his car at local track meets. The first employees hired by Knight were former college athletes. The pany did not have the money to hire “experts”, and there was no established athletic footwear industry in North America from which to recruit those knowledgeable in the field. In its early years the anization operated in an unconventional manner that characterized its innovative and entrepreneurial approach to the industry. Communication was informal。2022 年 12 月 CET6 真題 Part I writing (30 minutes) How to Improve Students’ Mental Health? 1. 大學生的心理健康十分重要 2. 為此，學校可以 ?? 3. 我們自己應該 ?? Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and scanning) (15 minutes) Supersize surprise Ask anyone why there is an obesity epidemic and they will tell you that it’s all down to eating too much and burning too few calories. That explanation appeals to mon sense and has dominated efforts to get to the root of the obesity epidemic and reverse it. Yet obesity researchers are increasingly dissatisfied with it. Many now believe that something else must have changed in our environment to precipitate(促成 ) such dramatic rises in obesity over the past 40 years or so. Nobody is saying that the “big two” – reduced physical activity and increased availability of food – are not important contributors to the epidemic, but they cannot explain it all. Earlier this year a review paper by 20 obesity experts set out the 7 most plausible alternative explanations for the epidemic. Here they are. 1. Not enough sleep It is widely believed that sleep is for the brain, not the body. Could a shortage of shuteye also be helping to make us fat? Several largescale studies suggest there may be a link. People who sleep less than 7 hours a night tend to have a higher body mass index than people who sleep more, according to data gathered by the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Similarly, the US Nurses’ Health Study, which tracked 68,000 women for 16 years, found that those who slept an average of 5 hours a night gained more weight during the study period than women who slept 6 hours, who in turn gained more than whose who slept 7. It’s well known that obesity impairs sleep, so perhaps people get fat first and sleep less afterwards. But the nurses’ study suggests that it can work in the other direction too: sleep loss may precipitate weight gain. Although getting figures is difficult, it appears that we really are sleeping less. In 1960 people in the US slept an average of hours per night. A 2022 poll by the National Sleep Foundation suggests that the average has fallen to under 7 hours, and the decline is mirrored by the increase in obesity. 2. Climate control We humans, like all warmblooded animals, can keep our core body temperatures pretty much constant regardless of what’s going on in the world around us. We do this by altering our metabolic(新陳代謝的 ) rate, shivering or sweating. Keeping warm and staying cool take energy unless we are in the “thermoneutral zone”, which is increasingly where we choose to live and work. There is no denying that ambient temperatures(環(huán)境溫度 ) have changed in the past few decades. Between 1970 and 2022, the average British home warmed from a chilly 13C to 18C. In the US, the changes have been at the other end of the thermometer as the proportion of homes with air conditionings rose from 23% to 47% between 1978 and 1997. In the southern states – where obesity rates tend to be highest – the number of houses with air conditioning has shot up to 71% from 37% in 1978. Could air conditioning in summer and heating in winter really make a difference to our weight? Sadly, there is some evidence that it doesat least with regard to heating. Studies show that in fortable temperatures we use less energy. smoking Bad news: smokers really do tend to be thinner than the rest of us, and quitting really does pack on the pounds, though no one is sure why. It probably has something to do with the fact that nicotine(尼古丁 )is an appetite suppressant and appears to up your metabolic rate. Katherine Flegal and colleagues at the US National Center for Health Statistics in Hyattsville, Maryland, have calculated that people kicking the habit have been responsible for a small but significant portion of the US epidemic of fatness. From data collected around 1991 by the US