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[英語]語法——語法復習要點(參考版)

2025-01-12 15:07本頁面
  

【正文】 s a piece of paper underneath the book. beneath 與 on, above, over 意思相反 , 泛指在??之下 The boat sank beneath the waves. She was standing beneath a tree. The car was buried beneath the leaves. (2) 有關時間的介詞: 1) 表 [時間 ] at, in, on : at 指時間點 at two o39。 14 2. 介詞用法要點 (1) 有關場所的介詞:這類介詞可表示位置和動作方向。 since, through, till, to, toward(s), with。 despite, down, during, except, from, for, in, like, near。 簡單介詞 (Simple preposition) about, above, across, after, against, along, among, as, at。介詞后面的代詞必須用賓格。 ____ he is going on with it. A. virtually B. essentially C. finally 29. I think boys are not ____ more capable than girls. 13 A. significantly C. necessarily D. undoubtedly 30. She bought a house in Suzhou, which means she intends to live there ____. A. temporarily B. contemporarily C. permanently D. probably Key: 15 BAADD 610 CBAAB 1115 AADBB 1620 BCDDA 2125 BCADB 2630 DBACC 二. 介詞 介詞又叫前置詞,它常與名詞和代詞(或相當于名詞的其他詞類、短語或從句)搭配使用,以說明它與句中其他成分的關系。 He has gone in for strange hobbies like collecting bottle tops and rocks. 他有一些奇異的興趣愛好,如收集瓶蓋和巖石。 2) 含有短語介詞的動詞短語中的副詞 這類短語動詞有很多,如 break away from, catch up with, e up with, do away with, fall in with, get down to, go in for, keep up with, look down upon, make up for, put up with, run away with, stand up for, stand up to 等。 b. 帶賓語的短語動詞中的副詞 We have to try every means to bring down the costs of the construction project. 我們必須千方百計地降低這項建筑工程的成本。 He will e in less than two hours. 不用兩個小時他就會來。 She was more than wele that day. 那天她大受歡迎。 7) 用作前置修飾語的 as…as, more than 和 less than 有些含有 than 或 as 的結構并不表示真正意義上的比較,而只是一種前置修飾語,可修飾名詞、形容詞、副詞或動詞。 He is too shy to ask a stranger the time, still less speak to a room full of people. 他連向陌生人打聽時間都不好意思,更不要說向一屋子人講話了。 He is more clever than diligent. 與其說他勤奮,還不如說他聰明。 I didn’t say so much as he did at the meeting yesterday. 我昨天在會上講的沒有他多。 They are not so much friends as lovers. 與其說他們是朋友,不如說是情人。 3)結構意為 “同 … 一樣;正如 ” She is as much a friend to me as a mother. 她是我的媽媽,也是我的朋友。 I have no more money than you. 我的錢比你多不到那里去。 (5)某些具有特殊意義的比較結構 1) no –er / more…than “no + 形容詞 /副詞比較級 + than”意為 “并不比 …… 更 ”;與 …… 同樣不 ”。 a head taller than。 even more difficult than。 many more books than。 2) 用于形容詞或副詞比較級前的詞語有: 表示 “一點兒 “ 的 slightly, a little, a bit 等;表示 “……得多 ”的 much, many, a lot, greatly, a great deal, far 等 。 She performed the play most awfully today. 她今天演的這場戲可謂最糟了。 She is more of a musician than her brother. 她比她哥哥更具有音樂家的素質。 -- He doesn’t run so/as fast as his deskmate. 他跑得沒他的同桌快 。 One can never be too careful in the test. 考試時無論怎樣仔細都不為過。 c. cannot … too 結構意為:無論怎樣 … 也不過分;越 … 越好。 b.“too + 形容詞 /副詞 ”結構之后常跟帶 to 的不定式,作結果狀語,意為 “太 … 以至不能 …” ,通??赊D換成 so…that ...not...的句型。 5) so 與 too 的區(qū)別 a. “so + 形容詞 /副詞 ” 結構之后跟 that 引導的結果狀語從句。 The salary they pay me is none too 。 She looks none the better for her holiday. 她在度假后看上去身體一點兒都沒有好轉 。 4) not 與 none 的區(qū)別 not 作為副詞主要構成否定,如 mustn’t, haven’t don’t 等;還用于 not … until, not mu ch, not that … but that, not all, not a 等表達形式中。 He’s not well. 他的身體不好。 much 還可修飾被動語態(tài)中的謂語動詞 . The house was much damaged. 這房子被破壞得很嚴重。 I much admire what you have done. 我非常羨慕你所做的事。 2) very 與 much 的區(qū)別 (1) 作為強調(diào)副詞, very 主要修飾形容 詞或副詞的原級,還可修飾含形容詞意義的現(xiàn)在分詞, 如:very interesting。 (2)某些副詞詞義辨析 1) already 與 yet 的區(qū)別 already 與 yet 都與完成時謂 語動詞連用, yet 僅用于否定句和疑問句; already 通常僅用于陳述句,它用于疑問句時表示驚奇。順便說一句,你要是想要那本書,我下次把它帶來。 Luckily, she wasn’ t injured. 幸運的是,她沒有受傷。 修飾句子的副詞通常位于句首,其后有逗號。 Gone forever are the days when I had to take tests. 我必須參加考試的日子已經(jīng)一去不復返了。 The train was heavy and consequently the land was flooded. 這場雨很大,所以田地被淹了。 It’ s true that the old road is less direct and a bit longer. We won’ t take a new one, though, because we don’ t feel as safe on it. 確 實,這條舊路沒有新路那樣筆直,而且也稍長一些。 連接副詞最常見的位置是在句首;表示解釋的連接副詞也可位于句中 : My watch is old。 7) 表示上下文邏輯關系的副詞:這類副詞是句與句之間體現(xiàn)邏輯思維的連接手段,根據(jù)意 8 義,連接副詞可以分為以下幾類: a. 表示列舉和補充,如: first, second。 有 when, where, why, how, wherever, however, nevertheless, yet 等。 5) 疑問副詞:是用來引導特殊疑問句的。 You don’ t practice enough on the 。 c. enough 作狀語時的位置 程度副詞 enough 作狀語時位于所修飾的形容詞、副詞或動詞之后。 Only members may use the library. 只有會員才可以使用這個圖書館。 Even a child can understand this book. 連一個孩子都能看懂這本書。這類副詞多用來修飾形容詞或副詞,一般前置, 有少數(shù)可修飾動詞或介詞短語。 這種類型的副詞還有 finefinely, fairfairly, thickthickly 等。 You spelt my name right / wrong. 你把我的名字拼對 /錯了。 We must stand firm. 我們必須堅定不移。 這種類型的副詞還有 clearclearly, justjustly, squaresquarely 等。 It is pretty cold today. 今天相當冷。 He clean fot about it. 他把它忘得一干二凈。 這種類型的副詞還有 closeclosely. highhighly, nearnearly 等。 They buried the box deep. 他們把盒子深埋起來。 Her eyes were wide open. 她眼睛睜得大大的。 注意 :有一些副詞兼有不帶 ly 與帶 ly 兩種形式,但通常有不同的含義。 2) 地點副詞:包括表示地點和表示位置關系的副詞 如: here, there, upstairs, anywhere, everywhere, above, below, in, across, back, over, round, away, near, off, on, inside, past 等。 Every other machine ever invented = every other machine which has ever been invented. “ as+形容詞 / 副詞 +as ever”是習語,意為“和以前一樣?”。 還有一些以 ly 結尾,與形容詞同形的副詞,如: hourly, daily, nightly, weekly, fortnightly, monthly, yearly, early, deadly, only 等。 定義:修飾動詞、形容詞、其它副詞或全句,說明時間、地點、程度、方式等概念的詞稱為副詞。 D. 表示 絕對意義 的形容詞,如 : average, equal, square, round, perfect, excellent, unique, infinite,extreme, right, wrong, left, right 等。 B. 只能作定語的表示 強調(diào)意義 的形容詞,如: mere, outright (pletely), utter, very 等。到不如 more… than He is more brave than clever. Your advice is more practical than valuable. 10). not more/er than 和 no more/ er than There’s not more than 100 yuan in the wallet. (客觀敘述 ) I spent no more than 150 yuan last week. (帶感情色彩) 11). A is no fitter for…than B is He is
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