有關正義的外文翻譯(參考版)
2025-01-09 02:18本頁面
【正文】 yet they cannot possibly be justified by an appeal to the notions of merit or desert. It is these inequalities, presumably inevitable in the basic structure of any society, to which the principles of social justice must in the first instance apply. These principles, then, regulate the choice of a political constitution and the main elements of the economic and social system. The justice of a social scheme depends essentially on how fundamental rights and duties are assigned and on the economic opportunities and social conditions in the various sectors of society. 。s rights and duties and influence their lifeprospects, what they can expect to be and how well they can hope to do. The basic structure is the primary subject of justice because its effects are so profound and present from the start. The intuitive notion here is that this structure contains various social positions and that men born into different positions have different expectations of life determined, in part, by the political system as well as by economic and social circumstances. In this way the institutions of society favor certain starting places over others. These are especially deep inequalities. Not only are they pervasive, but they affect men39。s inclination to selfinterest makes their vigilance against one another necessary, their public sense of justice makes their secure association together possible. Among individuals with disparate aims and purposes a shared conception of justice establishes the bonds of civic friendship。 the rights secured by justice are not subject to political bargaining or to the calculus of social interests. The only thing that permits us to acquiesce in an erroneous theory is the lack of a better one。所以，由于我采取的定義是打算直接用于最重要的情形 —— 社會基本結構的正義，所以它和傳統(tǒng)的正義概念就并沒有什么沖突。而這些應得的份額，我相信，通常都來自社會制度及制度所造成的合法期望 。顯然，這一定義是適用于行為的，就人們有一種對正當行為的穩(wěn)固有效的欲望作為他們性格中的一個穩(wěn)定因素而言，他們被認為是正義的。 這種處理方 法初看起來可能不合傳統(tǒng)，但我相信實際上并不如此。這樣，我認為，正義的概念就是由它的原則在分配權力和義務、決定社會利益的適當劃分方面的作用所確定的。這一理論不是要提供一種對社會基本結構的某些分配原則的通常意義的描述，而是要解釋它們。 在這些預備性的評論中，我把意味著競爭要求之間的一種恰當平衡 的正義概念與正義觀念區(qū)別開來，后者是把決定這種平衡的有關考慮統(tǒng)一起來的一系列原則。因此，為了充分理解這一種正義觀，我們必須弄清楚使它產生的社會合作觀念。一個社會理想又聯系著一種社會觀，一種對社會合作目標的理解。一種 為社會的基本結構的所有的額價值以及當他們沖突時各自的份量確定原則的完整觀念，要比一種正義觀的內容豐富得多。 這樣，一種社會正義觀將在一開始就被視為是為確定社會基本結構的分配而提供的 5 一個標準。我們要牢記在心的是：一種對于基本結構的正義觀是制度為自身的緣故而擁有的?，F在我要著手討論的是應用于憑直覺就可確知是屬于基本結構的制度的原則，然后，我要試圖擴大啊這些 原則的應用，使之覆蓋那些看來是這一結構的主要成分的制度。至少，我認為一種叫深刻的理解不可能通過別的方式達到，一個完全正義的社會的
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