【正文】 style ? Samuel Johnson was the last great neoclassicist enlightener in the late 18th century. He was very much concerned with 。 versatile writer. He had a hand in all the different branches of literary activities. He was a poet, dramatist, prose romancer, biographer, essayist, critic, lexicographer amp。 literary career Samuel Johnson, English writer, critic, amp。 suppleness. And last of all, the plot construction is excellent. Its 18 books of epic form are divided into 3 sections, 6 books each, clearly marked out by the change of scenes: in the country, on the high way amp。 city life with different places amp。 unexpectedness. 5. Selected Reading An Excerpt from chapter VIII, Book Four of Tom Jones. ? Tom Jones, generally considered Fielding39。 his structure carefully planned towards an inevitable ending. His works are also noted for lively, dramatic dialogues amp。 vigorous. His sentences are always distinguished by logic amp。s Robinson Crusoe, but Fielding adopted the thirdperson narration, in which the author bees the allknowing God. He thinks the thought of all his characters, so he is ableto present not only their external behaviors but also the internal workings of their minds. In planning his stories, he tries to retain the grand epical form of the classical works but at the same time keeps faithful to his realistic presentation of mon life as it is. 4. Characteristics of his language ? His language is easy, unlabored amp。 style. ? Before him, the relating of a story in a novel was either in the epistolary form (a series of letters), as in Richardson39。 a great politician such as Sir Robert Walpole, the Prime Minister. The ironical praises for the very qualities of the unscrupulous selfaggrandizement of wild point out the way the Prime Minister had achieved his greatness. The Great Man, properly considered, is no letter than a great gangster. 3. His achievement in English novel ? Fielding has been regarded by some as Father of the English Novel, for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel. Of all the eighteenthcentury novelists he was the first to set out, both in theory amp。s a satiric biography that harks back to Fielding39。 exits, robustness of tone amp。 the book quickly turns into a great novel of the open road, a ic epic in prose, whose subject is the true ridiculous in human nature, as exposed in all its variety as Joseph amp。s virtuous heroine Pamela, is tempted by his amorous mistress, supposedly aunt of Pamela39。 2. His major works ? 1) Joseph Andrews ? In this novel, Joseph supposedly the young handsome amp。吉訶德在英國(guó) ? The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild the Great大偉人江奈生 安德魯傳 Written in Imitation of the Manner of Cervantes ? Pamela ? “Comic epic in prose” ? The History of Tom Jones,a Foundling湯姆 1754. ? His plays were mostly edies and farces filled with political and social satire. Became editor of a paper called The Champion. As a dramatist, father of the English Novel, of all the eighteenthcentury novelists he was the first to set out, both in theory and practice ? Main works: ? The True Patriot and the Liberty of Our Own Times, The Jacobite’s Journal, The Conventgarden Journal, ? Plays:The CoffeeHouse Politician咖啡屋政客 。differences, leads the reader to a basic question: What on earth is a human being? ? 2） The account of Lilliputian life, especially the games for people at court, alludes to the similar ridiculous practices or tricks in the English government. The description of the petition in the games before the royal members leads to the fact that the success of those government officials such as the Prime Minister lies not in their being any wiser or better but in their being more ? dexterous in the game. This alludes to the practices in England. And the pompous words singing of the Lilliputian emperor ridicule the aristocratic arrogance and vanity. IV. Henry Fielding ? １ . His life amp。 false illusions about science, philosophy, history amp。 human beings both bear reference to the possibilities of human state. ? Part 3 furthers the criticism of the western civilization and deals with different malpractices(玩忽職守 ) amp。 yet plementing the others and contributing to the central concern of study of human nature and life. The first two parts are generally considered smallness（小氣） . In Part I words are used just as effectively as the exaggerated largeness in Part 2. ? The similarities between human beings amp。 satires of all aspects in the then English and European life socially, politically, religiously, philosophically, scientifically, and morally. Its social significance is great and its exploration into human nature profound. ? The social satire of Jonathan Swift?s Gulliver’s Travels： 1） Gulliver39。s Travels, Jonathan Swift39。 novels. 4. Selected reading ? An Excerpt from Chapter III, Part I of Gulliver39。 an apparent earnestness which renders his satire all the more powerful. Swift is one of the greatest masters of English prose. He is almost unsurpassed in the writing of simple, direct, precise prose. He defined a good style as proper words in proper places. Clear, simple, concrete diction, unplicated sentence structure, economy amp。 human institutions. There is often an Underor over tone of helplessness amp。 permanently flawed. To better human life, enlightenment is needed, but to redress it is very hard. ? So, in his writings, although he intends not to condemn but to reform amp。 a deep sympathy for all the poor amp。s humanist view ? Swift was a man of great moral integrity(節(jié)操；氣節(jié) ) amp。 ? A Tale of A Tub一個(gè)木桶的故事 。 ? The Examiner ? Gulliver’s Travels(his greatest satiric work) 格列佛游記 (A Voyage to Lilliput/Brobdingnag/Laput