操作系統(tǒng)原理緒論(英文課件)(參考版)
2024-12-11 09:40本頁(yè)面
【正文】 processors municate with one another through various munications lines, such as highspeed buses or telephone lines. ? Advantages of distributed systems. ? Resources Sharing ? Computation speed up ? Reliability ? Communications Distributed Systems (Cont.) ? Network Operating System ? provides file sharing ? provides munication scheme ? runs independently from other puters on the work ? Distributed Operating System ? less autonomy between puters ? gives the impression there is a single operating system controlling the work. Summary ? Types of OS ? Single user single task: CP/M, MSDOS ? Single user multiple tasks: OS/2, WINDOWS ? Multiple users multiple tasks: UNIX ? Main Functions of OS ? CPU management ? Memory management ? File management ? Device management ? Job management Homework ? P17P18 ? ? ? 。 munication usually takes place through the shared memory. ? Advantages of parallel system: ? Increased throughput 吞吐量 ? Economical ? Increased reliability ? graceful degradation 故障時(shí)性能降低不大 ? failsoft systems 軟失效系統(tǒng) Parallel Systems (Cont.) ? Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP)對(duì)稱多處理 ? Each processor runs an identical copy of the operating system. ? Many processes can run at once without performance deterioration. ? Most modern operating systems support SMP ? Asymmetric multiprocessing非對(duì)稱多處理器 ? Each processor is assigned a specific task。 Monsters. History of Operating Systems ? ? Microsoft developed a GUIbased system called Windows which originally ran on top of MSDOS ? Windows 95 and 98 were real GUI based operating systems still based on 16 bit Intel assembly language ? Windows NT family ? Windows 2022, Windows Me ? Windows XP ? Windows Vista ? Windows Neptune: a version of Microsoft Windows that was do to arrive at the same time as windows 2022, but was never released. Chapter 1: Introduction ? What is an Operating System? ? History of Operating Systems ? The Operating System Zoo The Operating System Zoo ? Mainframe operating systems ? Roomsize puters ? High I/O capacity ? Offers: ? Batch processing (no interaction, such as large reports) ? Transaction processing (large number of small requests) ? Timesharing (multiple users sitting in front of clients) The Operating System Zoo ? Server operating systems ? Offer services like print, file, or web ? UNIX, Windows 2022, Linux ? Multiprocessor operating systems ? Parallel puting ? Personal puter operating systems ? Single user with a good GUI, such as Windows 98, Windows 2022, Macintosh OS, Linux The Operating System Zoo ? Realtime operating systems ? . industrial process control systems where each job must be pleted in the specified time. ? Hard realtime (nuclear reactor control systems) or softreal time systems ( multimedia systems) depending on the acceptance of missing deadlines ? Embedded operating systems ? Realtime systems with some resource constraints like memory, CPU, power. ? Smart card operating systems ? Extremely primitive OS running on credit cardsized devices with a CPU. CPU Mem Job1 Job2 Jobn User1 User2 Usern TimeSharing Systems TimeSharing Systems (Cont.) ? The CPU is multiplexed多路 among several jobs that are kept in memo
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