操作系統(tǒng)原理緒論(英文課件)-wenkub
2022-12-23 09:40:47 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 urces are used to solve the puting problems of the users (pilers, database systems, video games, business programs). 4. Users (people, machines, other puters) What is an Operating System? ? a program that acts as an intermediary between a user of a puter and the puter hardware. ? Operating system purpose: ? Provide an environment in which a user can execute programs. ? Operating system goals: ? Make the puter system convenient to use(Convenience). ? Use the puter hardware in an efficient manner(Efficiency). Definitions of an Operating System ? Resource allocator – manages and allocates resources. 管理和分配資源 ? Control program– controls the execution of user programs and operations of I/O devices . 控制用戶程序運(yùn)行和 I/O設(shè)備的操作 ? Kernel – the one program running at all times (all else being application programs). 全時(shí)運(yùn)行的一個(gè)程序 Our Traditional Definition A set of programs that control and manage puter hardware and software, and anize puter39。 Assembly ? Computer: Mainframes ? Low CPU utilization slow mechanical I/O devices IBM STRETCH DEC PDP1 Early Batch System ? bring cards to 1401 ? read cards to tape ? put tape on 7094 which does puting ? put tape on 1401 which prints output Batch Systems ? Hire an operator 設(shè)置一個(gè)操作員 ? User ? operator ? Reduce setup time by batching similar jobs 批量處理同類作業(yè)減少了設(shè)置時(shí)間 ? OS’s main task: Automatic job sequencing – automatically transfers control from one job to another. ? Resident monitor ? initial control in monitor 初始化管理程序 ? control transfers to job 轉(zhuǎn)換控制到作業(yè) ? when job pletes control transfers back to monitor 作業(yè) =程序 +數(shù)據(jù) +處理步驟 Memory Layout for a Simple Batch System Control Cards ? Problems 1. How does the monitor know about the nature of the job (., Fortran versus Assembly) or which program to execute? 2. How does the monitor distinguish (a) job from job? (b) data from program? ? Solution ? Introduce control cards Control Cards (Cont.) ? Special cards that tell the resident monitor which programs to run $JOB $FTN $RUN $DATA $END ? Special characters distinguish control cards from data or program cards 特定的字符把數(shù)據(jù)卡片和程序卡片區(qū)分開來(lái) Structure of a typical Fortran Monitoring System job $JOB card specifies: ? the max runtime in minutes ? The account number to be charged ? The programmers name $FORTRAN card: tells the operating System to load Fortran piler $RUN means run the program with The following data $END end of job A Famous Remark ! I have travelled the length and breadth of this country, and talked with the best people, and I can assure you that data processing is a fad that won39。 A Bug39。 Monsters. History of Operating Systems ? ? Microsoft developed a GUIbased system called Windows which originally ran on top of MSDOS ? Windows 95 and 98 were real GUI based operating systems still based on 16 bit Intel assembly language ? Windows NT family ? Windows 2022, Windows Me ? Windows XP ? Windows Vista ? Windows Neptune: a version of Microsoft Windows that was do to arrive at the same time as windows 2022, but was never released. Chapter 1: Introduction ? What is an Operating System? ? History of Operating Systems ? The Operating System Zoo The Operating System Zoo ? Mainf
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