【正文】 噴嘴溫度：噴嘴溫度通常是略低于料筒最高溫度的，這是為了防止熔料在直通式噴嘴可能發(fā)生的流涎現(xiàn)象 。前兩種溫度主要影響塑料的塑化和流動，而后一種溫度主要是影響塑料的流動和冷卻。 然而對設備 的調(diào)校也就是對注塑溫度與注塑壓力的控制。 注塑成型是一門工程技術，它所涉及的內(nèi)容是將塑料轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橛杏貌⒛鼙３衷行阅艿闹破贰? 6）射臺后退：預塑結束后，射 臺后退到指定位置。 4）冷卻和保壓：按設定多種壓力和時間段，保持料筒的壓力，同時模腔冷卻成型。 公司的主要設備是用海天的注塑機，根據(jù)鎖模力的大小大致可以分為 HT250X1， HT530X1，HT650X2， HT1250X2， HT2800X23種。 下面，我將結合 兩個 月以來的實際工作談談所學所悟。兩個 月以來， 經(jīng)理為我精心準備學習計劃，安排何飛負責我在 車間的實習，安排陳云教我 APQP文件 。在領導及 同事 們熱情、友善，積極，和諧，兢兢業(yè)業(yè)，對待工作一絲不茍 的 精神面貌和工作態(tài)度的感染和影響下，我很快融入了這個特殊的大家庭。齒輪傳動機構的強度，動載，以及諧振頻率等問題現(xiàn)在可用有限元分析，對模型進行回聲試驗，阻壓試驗等技術來解決 附錄 2 實習地點 寧波井上華翔汽車零部件有限公司 實習時間 2021 年 3 月 1 日 － 2021 年 4 月 30 日 畢業(yè)實習的意義： 意義：這是一次理論聯(lián)系實際的好機會，它將使我們以前學到的基礎知識和專業(yè)知識得到綜合運用，對我們的能力將是一次很大的提高，為我們以后走上工作崗位打下良好的基礎。作為商用的弧齒螺旋傘齒輪合理的最大節(jié)線速度為 60m/s(12021ft/min)。 1976 年生產(chǎn)的用于驅(qū)動壓縮機試驗臺的傘齒輪在功率為 2984KW（ 4000 馬力），速度為200m/s(40,000ft/min)的工作 環(huán)境下成功地運行了 235 小時。由于成功地采用了行星齒輪機構，其功率達 1000－ 14， 000馬力，節(jié)線速度為 50－ 100m/s。 二十世紀 20至 30年代期間研制了制造齒輪的高強度合金剛； 30年代又將滲氮及表面硬 化技術用以增加齒輪傳動機構的表面強度； 1950年應用感應淬火技術； 1960年應用了由真空熔化工藝所煉的高度清潔鋼材，這對于延長齒輪的使用壽命是很有效的。 1931 年，美國機械工程師學會齒輪機構研究委員會主席Earle Buckingham發(fā)有一篇關于輪齒動態(tài)承載方面的具有里程碑意義的技術報告。到1937年幾乎所有的汽車都用直角交錯軸雙曲面齒輪為后橋。 隨著汽車的發(fā)明，則需要更精確且運行平穩(wěn)的齒輪。例如在本世紀早期，將平行軸齒輪傳動機構用于當時研制的反應式汽輪機降速，它足以帶動遠洋船的傳動螺桿。 1899年 Gee 這位五家齒輪公司的創(chuàng)始人發(fā)表了關于齒輪的專題論文。 由于 19 世紀中葉 的工業(yè)革命，齒輪傳動機構被廣泛采用，齒輪設計也符合科學原理。 現(xiàn)代齒輪技術的開端 1450～ 1750年間，建立了輪齒廓形的數(shù)學表達式及齒輪傳動機構的理論。根據(jù) Lenonardo da Vinci手稿，鐘表設計圖中并沒有差動齒輪傳動系統(tǒng)，而他自行設計了齒輪機構。 似乎是英國 1930年又發(fā)明了行星齒輪的構思，他將其用于天文鐘表，并實施建造，但當他死后才竣工。在羅馬衰敗之后的蕭條時期，齒輪傳動技術傳遍了整個歐洲并在穆斯林儀表中得到應用，如計算天體位置的齒輪觀測儀。 yale大學的 Price教授寫了論述這一機構的權威專著。這些裝置被認為是埃及及亞力大實驗裝置，他寫了關于理 論力學及基本機械零件的論著。 Archimedes 也用齒輪來仿造天體比例儀。因此，認為齒輪是由發(fā)明的說法不見得是正確的。書中指出：齒輪是由 Aristotle發(fā)明的這段文字實際上出自其母校的論著：“關于 Aristotle的機械問題”（約公元前280年）。由于傘齒輪是成對使用的，因此，只要它們能互相共軛，就不需要與齒數(shù)不同的其他齒輪共軛。 傘齒輪的齒廓不是漸開線形的。這 種齒輪的節(jié)面不是滾錐，它們的平均直徑比不等于速比。所連的兩跟軸，如果延長其軸線就會相交，它們通?；コ??90 。大直徑的單頭蝸桿的導角很小，效率很低，而多頭蝸桿的導角較大，效率也比較高，見圖 12。然而，由于沿齒的附加滑動使蝸輪蝸桿的效率通常低于平行軸齒輪。 蝸輪蝸桿和傘齒輪 為了使交叉軸斜齒輪獲得線接觸和提高承載能力，可以把大 齒輪做成部分繞小齒輪彎曲，就象螺母套在螺桿上一樣，結果就形成一個柱形蝸桿和蝸輪。 斜齒輪也能用來連接既不平行也不相交的相互成任何角度的軸。根據(jù)制造方法的不同，齒輪可以是連續(xù)人字形的，或者在兩列斜齒之間留一間隙的雙斜齒形的，以便切削刀具通過。如果單個使用，這一推力必須由軸承來承受。節(jié)線速度是節(jié)圓的速度。例如：連接兩平行軸時，斜齒輪比齒數(shù)相同、用相同刀具切削的直齒輪有較高的承載能力。彈簧迫使拼和齒輪的齒占滿小齒輪間隙的整個寬度。這就是說在互相嚙合齒輪的節(jié)圓上，小齒輪的間隙寬度必須稍大于大齒輪的齒厚，反之亦然。然而，平行軸也可以用其他形式的齒輪來連接，一個直齒輪可以同一個不 同形式的齒輪互相嚙合，如圖 11。 they are of such a shape that the tools for the teeth are easier to make and maintain than involute cutting tools. Since bevel gears e in, as long as they are conjugate to one another they need not be conjugate to other gears with different both numbers. 1 Early History of Gearing The earliest written descriptions of gears are said to have been made by Aristotle in the fourth century . It has been pointed out that the passage attributed to Aristotle by some was actually from the writings of his school, in “Mechanical Problems of Aristotle”( ). In the passage in question, there was no mention of gear teeth on the parallel wheels, and they may just as well have been smooth wheels in frictional contact. Therefore, the attribution of gearing to Aristotle is, most likely, incorrect. The real beginning of gearing was probably with Archimedes who about 250 . invented the endless screw turning a toothed wheel, which was used in engines of war. Archimedes also used gears to simuearly forms of wagon mileage indicators (odometer) and surveying instruments. These devices were probably “thought” experiments of Heron of Alexandria (ca. ), who wrote on the subjects of theoretical mechanics and the basic elements of mechanism. The oldest surviving relic containing gears is the Antikythera mechanism, so named because of the Greek island of that name near which the mechanism was discovered in a sunken ship in 1900. Professor Price of Yale University has written an authoritative account of this mechanism. The mechanism is not only the earliest relic of gearing, but it also is an extremely plex arrangement of epicyclic differential gearing. The mechanism is identified as a calendrical puting mechanism for the sun and moon, and has been dated to about 87 . The art of gearing was carried through the European dark ages after the fall of Rome, appearing in Islamic instruments such as the geared astrolabes which were used to calculate the positions of the celestial bodies. Perhaps the art was relearned by the clockand instrumentmaking artisans of fourteenthcentury Europe, or perhaps some crystallizing ideas and mechanisms were imported from the East after the crusades of the eleventh through the thirteenth centuries. It appears that the English abbot of ’s monastery, born Richard of Wallingford, in . 1330, reinvented the epicyclic gearing concept. He applied it to an astronomical clock, which he began to build at that time and which was pleted after his death. A mechanical clock of a slightly later period was conceived by Giovanni de Dondi(13481364). Diagrams of this clock, which did not use differential gearing, appear in the sketchbooks of Leonardo da Vinci, who designed geared mechanisms himself. In 1967 two of da Vinci’s manuscripts, lost in the National Library in Madrid since 1830, were rediscovered. One of the manuscripts, written between 1493 and 1497 and known as “Codex Madrid I” , contains 382 pages with some 1600 sketches. Included among this display of Lenardo’s artistic skill and engineering ability are his studies of gearing. Among these are tooth profile designs and gearing arrangements that were centuries ahead of their “invention”. 2 Beginning of Modern Gear Technology In the period 1450 to 1750, the mathematics of geartooth profiles and theories of geared mechanisms became established. Albrecht Durer is credited with discovering the epicycloidal shape(ca. 1525). Philip de la Hire is said to have worked out the analysis of epicycloids and remended the involute cur