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大直徑樁基礎(chǔ)工程成孔鉆具i型鉆具總體設(shè)計(jì)(編輯修改稿)

2024-07-13 12:21 本頁面
 

【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 a ca ? ? ? ? 342408109221212 ????? dda cb (1)鄰接條件 : nadpacac?sin2? 4322?342 ?60sin? = 即滿足鄰 接條件。 (2)同心條件 : 342?? aa bcac ‘‘ 滿足同心條件。 (3)安裝條件: ? ?整數(shù)983 9123 ????n zzpba 所以,滿足安裝條件。 please contact Q 3053703061 give you more perfect drawings 4.鉆進(jìn)注意事項(xiàng) (1)鉆孔開始時(shí),孔內(nèi)泥漿面的高度應(yīng)至少比護(hù)筒外的水位高出 2m。建議水位為 ~3m 左右。水位差也不宜過大,以防反滲流。鉆孔時(shí)向孔內(nèi)的供漿量必須大于從孔內(nèi)排出的泥漿量。在鉆進(jìn)過程中 ,應(yīng)有專人負(fù)責(zé),保證孔內(nèi)外水頭差的高度,盡量減小水頭過快的變化。 (2)在正常鉆進(jìn)時(shí),垂直的鉆進(jìn)速度可取每轉(zhuǎn)鉆進(jìn) 10~ 30mm。不要急于求成。鉆進(jìn)中卷揚(yáng)機(jī)的鋼絲繩應(yīng)稍微帶著些勁,不要完全放松讓鉆頭完全自由下鉆。隨時(shí)注意出土情況,并以此決定下鉆的快慢。在排土不太通暢時(shí),可略提起鉆桿,使被擠土逐漸松動(dòng)而排出。 (3)開始鉆進(jìn),或通過軟硬層交界處,為保持鉆桿垂直,應(yīng)采用慢進(jìn)。在含磚瓦的填土層或含水量較大的軟塑土層中鉆進(jìn)時(shí),應(yīng)盡量減少鉆桿晃動(dòng),以免擴(kuò)大孔徑。 (4)當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)阻力過大、鉆進(jìn)困難時(shí),應(yīng)及時(shí)提鉆檢查,查明 原因并作處理后再繼續(xù)鉆進(jìn)。否則可能產(chǎn)生樁孔嚴(yán)重傾斜、偏移或者損壞鉆具。 (5)在砂層中鉆孔,孔底標(biāo)高應(yīng)高于地下水的標(biāo)高。 (6)鉆進(jìn)時(shí),為了保證不堵吸渣口,應(yīng)先開動(dòng)空壓機(jī)吸泥,讓泥漿先循環(huán)流動(dòng)。然后開動(dòng)鉆機(jī),漫漫進(jìn)給。停鉆時(shí),應(yīng)先停鉆,提升,然后停風(fēng)。 (7)鉆進(jìn)過程中,每班工作人員應(yīng)堅(jiān)守崗位,司機(jī)、記錄員、技術(shù)人員要隨時(shí)觀察各種情況,如鉆機(jī)工作是否正常,空壓機(jī)、供漿量及排漿量是否正常等等,發(fā)現(xiàn)異常應(yīng)及時(shí)處理。 設(shè)計(jì) 總結(jié) 本次設(shè)計(jì)的目的是為了系統(tǒng)地把大學(xué)中所學(xué)的專業(yè)知識(shí)連貫起來應(yīng)用于實(shí) 際當(dāng)中,來解決生產(chǎn)實(shí)際問題,從而鍛煉我們的分析問題和解決問題的能力,從而設(shè)計(jì)出滿足要求的機(jī)械產(chǎn)品。 本次設(shè)計(jì)圓滿完成了 大直徑樁基礎(chǔ)工程成孔鉆具 I 型鉆具總體設(shè)計(jì) 。其主要內(nèi)容包括 齒輪傳動(dòng)部分 設(shè)計(jì)、 鉆具的設(shè)計(jì)、主軸的設(shè)計(jì) 以及 泥漿循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 四個(gè)部分。 第一部分 齒輪傳動(dòng)部分 設(shè)計(jì)特別是行星齒輪傳動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)是本次設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)鍵。此部分是在機(jī)械傳動(dòng)學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)上來進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)的,確定了行星齒輪傳動(dòng)的傳動(dòng)類型,進(jìn)行了齒輪的配齒計(jì)算,計(jì)算出了齒輪的主要參數(shù)和幾何尺寸,進(jìn)行了裝配條件的驗(yàn)算,計(jì)算出傳動(dòng)的效率,并對其進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和傳動(dòng)的強(qiáng) 度驗(yàn)算。由于其均載裝置太復(fù)雜,我只選定了其采用中心輪浮動(dòng)的均載方案。 第二部分 鉆具的設(shè)計(jì) 也是本設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)鍵部分,課題要求鉆具既產(chǎn)生回轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)又產(chǎn)生軸向沖擊運(yùn)動(dòng)。其回轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)由傳動(dòng)齒輪來提供,而軸向沖擊運(yùn)動(dòng),我參考流體推桿高能沖擊錘的工作原理后,采用了沖擊汽缸來進(jìn)行軸向沖擊運(yùn)動(dòng)。其沖擊緩沖后的高壓氣體通過鉆桿上的中心孔由小鉆頭排出,這就為排渣準(zhǔn)備了氣體來源。 第三部分 主軸的設(shè)計(jì) ,該部分先擬訂軸上零件的裝配方案和零件的定位,既軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),后對軸進(jìn)行了強(qiáng)度校何。由于安裝其上的齒輪尺寸較大,軸與齒輪都采用鍵聯(lián)結(jié)。軸的下 端與中心牙輪鉆頭的聯(lián)結(jié),采用將牙輪鉆頭的基座焊接在軸上,再將牙輪鉆頭用螺釘聯(lián)結(jié)起來,這樣便于牙輪鉆頭的拆卸和維修。 第四部分 泥漿循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì),該部分的設(shè)計(jì)是在已有泥漿循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行選用和改進(jìn)。由于本鉆具要求的鉆進(jìn)深度超過 50m,排渣方案選定為氣舉反循環(huán)排渣,這樣鉆具可以一邊鉆進(jìn)一邊排渣,提高了工作效率,降低了鉆孔成本。 本人在這次設(shè)計(jì)中最大的感受是:理論與實(shí)踐必須相結(jié)合,只有將正確的理論應(yīng)用于實(shí)踐中,才能真正發(fā)揮理論的價(jià)值,才能更深刻地了解和掌握理論的真正內(nèi)涵;要作到理論與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合必須有一定的理認(rèn) 基礎(chǔ)和豐富的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn),在這方面,我很欠缺,還在待于在日后的進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)和工作中來彌補(bǔ)和提高,此外,設(shè)計(jì)工作是一項(xiàng)繁重的工作,必須具有嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)細(xì)致的工作作風(fēng)和頑強(qiáng)的決心和毅力。 參考文獻(xiàn) [1]孫恒,陳作模 . 機(jī)械原理 [M].北京: 高等教育 出版社, 2021 [2]濮良貴,紀(jì)名剛 .機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì) [M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2021 [3]王伯惠,上官興著 .中國鉆孔灌注樁新發(fā)展 [M].北京:人民交通出版社, 1999 [4]吳宗澤,羅圣國 . 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì) [M].北京:高等教育出版社, 1999 [5]鄒慧君 . 機(jī)械 原理課程設(shè)計(jì)手冊 [M].北京:高等教育出版社, 1998 [6] 范欽珊 . 材料力學(xué) [M].北京:高等教育出版社, [7]《現(xiàn)代機(jī)械傳動(dòng)手冊》編輯委員會(huì) .現(xiàn)代機(jī)械傳動(dòng)手冊 [M].北京: 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, 2021 [8]成大先 .機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊 (第 5 卷 ) [M].北京:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社, 2021 [9]劉古岷,王渝,胡國慶 .樁工機(jī)械 [M].北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, 2021 [10] 成大先 . 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)圖冊 (第 5卷 )[M].北京:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社, 2021 [11]《機(jī)械工程手冊》編委會(huì) .機(jī)械工程手冊 (第 11 卷機(jī)械產(chǎn)品 (一 )) [M]. 北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, 1982 [12]郭愛蓮 .新編機(jī)械工程技術(shù)手冊 [M].北京:經(jīng)濟(jì)日報(bào)出版社, 1991 [13]日本機(jī)械學(xué)會(huì) . 機(jī)械技術(shù)手冊 [M].北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, 1975 [14]《機(jī)械工程手冊》編委會(huì) .機(jī)械工程手冊 (專用機(jī)械卷 (二 ))[M]:北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, 1997 [15]汪應(yīng)洛 .英漢機(jī)電工程技術(shù)詞匯 [M].北京:科學(xué)出版社, 1991 [16]吳宗澤 .機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)禁忌 500 例 [M].北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, 1996 [17]卜炎 . 機(jī)械傳動(dòng)裝置設(shè)計(jì)手冊 [M]. 北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, 1997 [18]吳宗澤、雷天覺 .機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)用手冊 [M].北京:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社, 1999 [19] 《 齒輪手冊 》 編委會(huì) . 齒輪手冊 [M].北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, 2021 [20]李維榮 .標(biāo)準(zhǔn)緊固件實(shí)用手冊 [M].北京:中國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)出版社, 2021 [21]機(jī)械工業(yè)部 .氣動(dòng)元件產(chǎn)品樣本 [M].北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, 1985 致謝 附錄 1 GEAR Spur and helical gears. A gear having tooth elements that are straight and parallel to its axis is known as a spur gear. A spur pair can be used to connect parallel shafts only. Parallel shafts, however, can also be connected by gears of another type, and a spur gear can be mated with a gear of a different type. (). To prevent jamming as a result of thermal expansion, to aid lubrication, and to pensate for avoidable inaccuracies in manufacture, all powertransmitting, gears must have backlash. This means that on the gear, and vice versa. On instrument gears, backlash can eliminated by using a gear split down its middle, one half being rotatable relative to the other. A spring forces the split gear teeth to occupy the full width of the pinion space. Helical gears have certain advantages。 for example, when connecting parallel shafts they have a higher loadcarrying than spur gears with the same tooth numbers and cut with the same cutter. Because of the overlapping action of the teeth, they are smoother in action and can operate at higher pitchline to the axis of rotation, helical gears create an axial thrust. If used singly, this thrust must be absorbed in the same blank. Depending on the method of manufacture, the gear may be of the continuoustooth herringbone variety or a doublehelical gear with a space between the two halves to permit the cutting tool to run out. Doublehelical gears are well suited for the efficient transmission of power at highspeeds. Helical gears can also be used to connect nonparallel, nonintersecting shafts at any angle to one another. Niy degrees is the monest angle at which such gears are used. Worm and bevel gears. In order to achieve line contact and improve the loadcarrying capacity of the crossedaxis helical gears, the gear can be made to curve partially around the pinion, in somewhat the same way that a nut envelops a screw. The result would be a cylindrical worm and gear. Worm gears provide the simplest means of obtaining large rations in a single pair. They are usually less efficient than parallelshaft gears, however, because of an additional sliding movement along the teeth. Because of their similarity, the efficiency of a worm and gear depends on the same factors as the efficiency of a screw. Singlethread worms of large diameter have small lead angles and low efficiencies. Multiplethread worms have larger lead angles and higher efficiencies() For transmitting rotary motion and torque around corners, bevel gears are monly used. The connected shafts, whose axes would intersect if extended, are usually but not necessarily at right angles to one another. When adapted for shafts that do not intersect, spiral bevel gears are called hypoid gears. The pitch surfaces of these gears are not rolling cones, and the ratio of their mean diameters is not equal to the speed Consequently,
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