【正文】 an. Lou held a joint interview with 27 media, including China Daily, the first in a series of interviews entitled Chinese Media Along the Silk Road. The interviews will be in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces and the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, as well as Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkey. The media group held the first interview on Wednesday morning in Xi39。s public security bureau shows some 100 foreign visitors enjoyed the 72hour policy by the end of March, most of them from the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany. Chengdu also reported robust growth in its overall tourist industry last year. Official statistics show that it received some 150 million tourists last year, an increase of 28 percent from 2021. Around million came from abroad, an increase of 12 percent. Total revenue from tourism surpassed 133 billion yuan ($). During his visit to Kazakhstan in September, Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed that China and Central Asia join hands to build a Silk Road economic belt to boost cooperation. The idea has been widely echoed in Central Asian countries, being an encouraging blueprint for Chinese areas along the Silk Road that has linked Asia and Europe for more than 2,000 years. In the next three weeks, China Daily reporters will travel through the belt in China and in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkey. They will show the progress and expectations of the countries, businesses and peoples on the route. Shaanxi the start of the ancient Silk Road has positioned itself as the new starting point for the development of the Silk Road Economic Belt, which will strengthen China39。s ancient indigenous religion, while Du jiang yan is considered to be the oldest functioning watercontrol project in the world. Chengdu ranked third in tourist facilities, management and services among 60 Chinese cities in a customer satisfaction survey released last year. But, Li added that efforts are still needed to develop more tourism products, improve English services and provide accurate translation of traffic signs and scenic billboards. Zhao Yun, chairwoman of British Chamber of Commerce Southwest China, told China Daily that his colleagues found the policy very convenient. A British client once flew here and stayed for just one day to check her ordered goods, she said. Zhao was born in Shanxi province, but she has lived in Chengdu for more than 10 years. My life was like a running race moving from place to place. I also lived in Beijing and Shanghai before, she said. But Chengdu is a place that you never want to leave once settling down. It is now my second hometown, she said. If the environment is further improved, the city will attract more people to visit and live, with the 72hour visafree policy and pelling conditions in transportation, culture, climate and cuisine, he said. Foreigners also gave positive feedback on the policy. A spokesman from Dell Inc said the pany has a global hub of operation in Chengdu, so the threeday visa has an immediate and positive influence on the pany39。s level of internationalization. The policy will also bring direct economic revenue, Li said. Chengdu has many cultural legacies and is also a paradise for panda lovers with the world39。 Visafree policy brings Chengdu biz, tourism boost. Making national headlines several times, Chengdu39。就是說(shuō)不要停 留在語(yǔ)言錘煉的表面，而是要寄余味于語(yǔ)言之外，刻畫出鮮明可感的形象，寄寓著深厚蘊(yùn)藉的情意，使讀者把玩不已，回味不盡。 所謂?韻外之致?，即強(qiáng)調(diào)在語(yǔ)言方面做到?近而不浮，遠(yuǎn)而不盡?，就是說(shuō)詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作要比它的語(yǔ)言本身具有更為生動(dòng)、深遠(yuǎn)的東西，藝術(shù)性語(yǔ)言呈現(xiàn)一種啟示性、隱喻性的態(tài)勢(shì)，給讀者留下聯(lián)想、想象與回味的余地。?以比 喻來(lái)說(shuō)詩(shī)，認(rèn)為作為詩(shī)歌的原始材料或咸或酸都有味，而只有詩(shī)歌才具有?醇美?之味；?醇美?之味來(lái)源于咸酸而又有別于咸酸，?醇美?之味在咸酸之外，比咸酸更高級(jí)更美妙。?江嶺之南，凡是資于適口者，若醯，非不酸也，止于酸而已；若鹺，非不咸也，止于咸而已。 在學(xué)習(xí)《文論專題》這門課程中，給我印象最為深刻的理論觀點(diǎn)就是司空?qǐng)D的?韻味說(shuō)?， ?像外之象??景外之景??韻外之致??味外之旨?合稱?四外?，共同構(gòu)成了司空?qǐng)D?韻味?說(shuō)的基本內(nèi)容。 中國(guó)文論主要有：一是孔子的?興觀群怨?說(shuō)，二是莊子的?言不盡意?說(shuō)，三是劉勰的?通變?說(shuō)，四是司空?qǐng)D的?韻味?說(shuō)，五是嚴(yán)羽的?妙悟?說(shuō)，六是葉燮的?才膽識(shí)力?說(shuō)，七是金圣嘆的?因文生事?說(shuō)，八是李漁的?淺處見(jiàn)才?說(shuō)。 (1)調(diào)動(dòng)和激發(fā)讀者的想象； (2)空白是潛在于本文中的結(jié)構(gòu)模式； (3)空白在文學(xué)交流活動(dòng)中發(fā)揮著自我調(diào)節(jié)的結(jié)構(gòu)作用； (4)空白是存在于本文和讀者之間的相互作用的一種基本成分?？瞻资潜疚目床灰?jiàn)的結(jié)合點(diǎn)， 因?yàn)樗鼈儼驯疚牡膱D式和本文的視野互相區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)，同時(shí)在讀者方面引起觀念化的活動(dòng)。只有當(dāng)本文的圖式被讀者聯(lián)系起來(lái)時(shí)，讀者才開(kāi)始構(gòu)造想象性客體，正是空白使這種聯(lián)結(jié)性運(yùn)作得以進(jìn)行。 伊瑟爾談道：空白是用來(lái)標(biāo)示?存在于本文自始至終的系統(tǒng)之中的一種空位，讀者填補(bǔ)這種空位就可以引起本文模式的相互作用。變則其久，通則不乏?（《通變》），這樣一種文學(xué)史觀，不說(shuō)在當(dāng)時(shí)，即使放在今天，仍能給 我們留下諸多的啟迪……。 綜觀整個(gè)?通變?論，可以說(shuō)，劉勰是站在一個(gè)?惟務(wù)折衷?、樸素辯證的立場(chǎng)上看問(wèn)題的，其文學(xué)發(fā)展觀以?通?（繼承）為基礎(chǔ)而以?變?（革新）為旨?xì)w，以?通?求?變?，以?變?葆?通?，初步建立起了一種積極、進(jìn)步的文學(xué)史觀。劉勰的這些看法均以歷史史實(shí)為依據(jù)，大體還是可信的；至于具體描述則稍有粗疏之嫌，甚至帶有歷史 循環(huán)論的色彩。例如建安文學(xué)，由于當(dāng)時(shí)特定的時(shí)代特點(diǎn)和社會(huì)心理，所以其呈現(xiàn)的面貌很鮮明： 此外，學(xué)術(shù)文化思想對(duì)文學(xué)的發(fā)展亦具有不可忽視的影響和作用。 文學(xué)不可能在一種封閉的狀態(tài)下發(fā)展，政治的盛衰、社會(huì)的治亂等外界生活場(chǎng)必然會(huì)影響到作家的生活、思想和情感，這是文學(xué)發(fā)展的客觀動(dòng)因。文學(xué)既不能背離優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)，又要求應(yīng)時(shí)適變，這中間關(guān)鍵靠人、靠作家。如同時(shí)代社會(huì)等外部條件必須內(nèi)化為作家的審美個(gè)性，才能進(jìn)入創(chuàng)作過(guò)程一樣，盡管通變講的是文學(xué)自身的發(fā)展規(guī)律，但劉勰認(rèn)為也需把它落實(shí)到作家的修養(yǎng)和創(chuàng)作實(shí)踐當(dāng)中，才能發(fā)揮作用。 最后，劉勰提出，作家要貫徹通變思想，就應(yīng)當(dāng)掌握一定的 原則和方法。與此同時(shí)，劉勰也反對(duì)因襲傳統(tǒng)而不思革新的思想，在他看來(lái)，?因?與?革?是辯證統(tǒng)一的，?因?是?革?之前提，而?革?乃是?因?的目的，不可為繼承而繼承，繼承的目的在于求變革求發(fā)展。為此，劉勰批評(píng)劉宋之后的?訛濫?文風(fēng)，認(rèn)為其癥結(jié)在于?競(jìng)今疏古?，是片面地追求?新變?、拋棄優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)的惡果。一代文學(xué)的繁榮，固然首先與特定的時(shí)代社會(huì)相關(guān)，但在文學(xué)本身，也有其相承相續(xù)、遞變革新的規(guī)律…… 事實(shí)證明，文學(xué)傳統(tǒng)、文學(xué)遺產(chǎn)是文學(xué)發(fā)展過(guò)程中不可或缺的因素，必須加以學(xué)習(xí)和鉆研，有所繼承，有所發(fā)展。 其次，劉勰?通變?說(shuō)不僅是寫作策略，同時(shí)也是寫作者對(duì)文學(xué)傳統(tǒng)、文學(xué)遺產(chǎn)的