chap14競爭市場中的企業(yè)(參考版)
2025-05-18 21:49本頁面
【正文】 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. 小結 ?在可以自由進入與退出的市場中，長期利潤為零，所有企業(yè)在有效規(guī)模時生產。 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. 小結 ?在短期中，當企業(yè)不能收回其固定成本時，如果物品價格小于平均可變成本，企業(yè)將選擇停止營業(yè)。 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 ?這一產量也是價格等于邊際成本的產量。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. Summary ?To maximize profit a firm chooses the quantity of output such that marginal revenue equals marginal cost. ?This is also the quantity at which price equals marginal cost. ?Therefore, the firm’s marginal cost curve is its supply curve. Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 ?物品的價格等于企業(yè)的平均收益和邊際收益。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. Summary ?Because a petitive firm is a price taker, its revenue is proportional to the amount of output it produces. ?The price of the good equals both the firm’s average revenue and its marginal revenue. Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. ? Marginal Firm 邊際企業(yè) ?The marginal firm is the firm that would exit the market if the price were any lower. 邊際企業(yè) —— 如果價格有任何下降就退出市場的企業(yè)。 ?在零利潤均衡時，企業(yè)的收益應該補償所有者期望用于使其企業(yè)維持的時間和金錢。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. 如果競爭企業(yè)獲得零利潤，為什么它們還在經(jīng)營？ ?利潤等于總收益減總成本。 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 ?在長期中，價格等于最小平均總成本。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. The Long Run: Market Supply with Entry and Exit ?Firms will enter or exit the market until profit is driven to zero. ?In the long run, price equals the minimum of average total cost. ?The longrun market supply curve is horizontal at this price. Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. 利潤 Q 圖 5. 作為價格與平均總成本之間面積的利潤 產量 0 價格 P = AR = MR ATC MC P ATC 利潤最大化產量 a. 有利潤企業(yè) ——新企業(yè)進入市場 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 如果 TR TC， 就退出。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. The Firm’s LongRun Decision to Exit or Enter a Market ?In the longrun, the firm exits if the revenue it would get from producing is less t
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