【正文】 “我們已經(jīng)過多的注重維護(hù)我們的地位而忽略了我們對公司所起的作用。而且她的部門也要命名為績效改善工程了。 “ What I see is panies getting away from the IE name and trying to have names that are more descriptive of the broader set of skills,” says Powers. 帕娃說：“我所看到的就是企業(yè)都在減少使用工業(yè)工程這個名字而在嘗試使用些更新的描述這些技能的名字。從前的工業(yè)工程部已經(jīng)被分解或者重新命名。許多企業(yè)在這個經(jīng)濟(jì)時代的要求下都在重組公司結(jié)構(gòu)，以期能 夠是組織有效能，可以節(jié)約開支并加快決策的進(jìn)度。”例如，諾龍博格博士說他公司有一個由 40到 50個人組成的專門從事計算機(jī)尖端技術(shù)的 研究小組，這些人曾被稱做工業(yè)工程師，但是，即使他們沒被予以這種頭銜，他們所做的還是工業(yè)工程的工作可以被稱做工業(yè)工程，這取決于你如何組織這個團(tuán)隊。他們現(xiàn)在正在爭取這份工作?！鞍Ｋ孤?.柯達(dá)公司的人力資源部經(jīng)理約翰帕娃說：“最大的變化就是工業(yè)工程領(lǐng)域的商業(yè)化使它們成為具有競爭性的舒適職業(yè)?！暗乾F(xiàn)在需要放棄那些落后的工業(yè)工程定義了。 At one time, it was easier to define what an IE did .” Industrial engineering was simple in those days when we dealt with methods, work standards and work simplification,” says Carlos Cherubin, director of engineering for The Limited Co. “But there has to be some way to get past the old industrial engineering definition.” 曾經(jīng)，定義工業(yè)工程是很容易的。 In addition, the IE now has a greater opportunity to concentrate on any one of a broad variety of areas that many panies now recognize as individual departmentsincluding simulation, operations research, ergonomics, material handling and logistics. 值得一提的是，工業(yè)工程現(xiàn)在有更多的機(jī)會去集中于現(xiàn)在許多企業(yè)已經(jīng)視為獨立的學(xué)科的眾多領(lǐng) 域中的一個 包括防真學(xué)、運籌學(xué)、人因?qū)W、物料搬運和物流學(xué)。 On the other hand, today?s IE has at his or her disposal more technology and tools than the IE of 30 years ago could have ever imagined. New technologies have improved accuracy and speed and generally have increased the IE?s ability to cover a more diverse set of interests. 另一方面，現(xiàn)在的工業(yè)工程師可以使用許多他們 30 年前的同行想都想不到的技術(shù)和工具。 and universities and colleges are under even greater pressure to provide industry with graduates who are better trained to handle a much wider variety of job responsibilities. 今天激烈的世界競爭和緊張的公司預(yù)算都迫使工業(yè)工程師們?nèi)ソ鉀Q被人們忽視很久的問題。 Today?s petitive global economy and tighter corporate budgets are forcing IEs to deal with issues that were barely mentioned a decade ago. Companies are flattening corporate structures。而且這個問題解決起來一直很困難。 工業(yè)工程專業(yè)英語翻譯（ 3）工業(yè)工程專業(yè)英語翻譯 2qw Real IE Value 工業(yè)工程的真正價值 Industrial engineers are great at solving problems. Ironically enough, there is still one ageold problem they unable to solveidentity. And the problem is not getting any to solve. In fact,“ identity” is just one of several challenges currently facing the IE profession. 工業(yè)工 程師非常善于解決問題。學(xué)生們沒有意識到與其致力于對系統(tǒng)組成部分的研究，不如致力于發(fā)展對系統(tǒng)有益的解決問題的方法更有意義。越來越依賴在現(xiàn)實環(huán)境中不能切實有效運用的仿真模型就是這一現(xiàn)象的體現(xiàn)。這種觀點阻礙了他們傳承實踐經(jīng)驗，并且妨礙了他們對工程問題出現(xiàn)的根本原因的發(fā)現(xiàn)。不幸的是，嘗試有利于教育導(dǎo)向的改進(jìn)課程更傾向于促進(jìn)科研的教育，從而就剝奪了大多數(shù)學(xué)生在商業(yè)世界里生存所需要的技能。因此，當(dāng)面對現(xiàn)實世界中那些復(fù)雜的，不清楚的，無組織的問題時，許多剛畢業(yè)的大學(xué)生表現(xiàn)的并不是很好。雖然這是必需的途徑，但是為了讓學(xué)生使問題得以解決，它發(fā)展成為一種程式化的方法。學(xué)生必須在具備職業(yè)的忠誠，技術(shù)能力，綜合的理論認(rèn)識以及有效的實踐能力下畢業(yè)。與之相比，工業(yè)績效評估是對組織目標(biāo)的實際貢獻(xiàn)為指標(biāo)。例如，現(xiàn)在的畢業(yè)生傾向于更多地 密集的專業(yè)社會領(lǐng)域而不是基礎(chǔ) IE，這種使人不安的偏離現(xiàn)象，可能會毀掉原來我們所知的 IE 特征 . There is a big difference between academic and industrial approaches to performance evaluation. The academic munity evaluates its members by the number of publications and research grants. By contrast, industry measures performance in terms of real contributions to anizational goals. This has a detrimental effect on the learning interaction that faculty and students must share for students to graduate with professional loyalty, technical petence and capability of integrating theoretical concepts and industrial practice effectively. 在表現(xiàn)評價中，理論和工業(yè)生產(chǎn)之間有很大的差異。這個專業(yè)對企業(yè)有何貢獻(xiàn) ? The root of this identity problem lies in the structured and isolated approach of various IE courses. This results in specialization that is too narrow. For example, graduates today tend to associate more with focused professional societies rather than the general IE. This is a disturbing drift that may destroy the identity of IE as we now know it. 這些問題的根源是由于各種 IE 課程結(jié)構(gòu)的和孤立的方法。導(dǎo)致這種問題的根本原因是許多 IE 畢業(yè)生沒有解決以下的問題： What separates an IE from other engineers? 學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)了運籌學(xué)，機(jī)械設(shè)計，人因?qū)W等課程，但是并沒有深入理解這些領(lǐng)域在人機(jī)體系中集成方法的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系以及相互影響。 The academic curriculum rarely emphasizes the fundamental philosophy of IE itself. That philosophy is a holistic approach to design, development and implementation of integrated systems of men, machines and materials. Students go through courses in operations research, manufacturing, human factors and so on without understanding the interrelationships between these areas and the synergistic impact this integrated approach has on manmachine systems. 在學(xué)院課程中很少強(qiáng)調(diào) IE 自身的哲學(xué)體系。在許多學(xué)校本科和研究生的課程是全面的?？偟膩碚f，在培養(yǎng) IE 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)角色方面， IE 教育將面對很大的挑戰(zhàn)?？鐚W(xué)科的融合的形式應(yīng)包含來自于多個學(xué)院參加工程 項目的學(xué)生，這會有利于從不同的角度看問題。跨學(xué)科教育為達(dá)到這一目的提供了更全面的方法。學(xué)科融合應(yīng)該是在教育改革計劃中有優(yōu)先權(quán)的。 l 減少本科生有關(guān)的實習(xí)實踐課程。 l 從本科生教學(xué)中遷移了幾乎所有的教授以便研究生的教學(xué)和科研。 Samuelson曾經(jīng)描述過關(guān)于浪費，不精確的學(xué)術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，平庸的教學(xué)方法和獎學(xué)金等大學(xué)教育的衰退現(xiàn)象，這些特殊的問題早已在文獻(xiàn)中被引證。很多文獻(xiàn)中也提出要將時間的一些方法融入到工程教育中去。 l Decreasing relevance of undergraduate courses to real world practice. 理論和實踐 教學(xué)決定著科研的核心，同時，科研也反過來影響著教學(xué)。 l Migration of full professors from undergraduate teaching in favor of graduate teaching and research?！钡拇_ ，仔細(xì)回顧工業(yè)工程課程能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)需要改進(jìn)的地方，這就有助于避免過時的，不能應(yīng)用于當(dāng)今社會要求的課程。不過，提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的基本理念同樣適用于任何教育過程。但是，由于學(xué)術(shù)界的獨特性，重新定義全面質(zhì)量是必要的，這與理論的進(jìn)程是一致的。 Hurried attempts to improve education are being made in many areas. We know have terms like total quality management for Academia, justintime education, and continuous education improvment. Unfortunately, many of these represent mere rhetorics that are not backed by practical implementation models. IE should take the lead in reforming its own curriculum so that it can help to developed practical implementation models that can be used by other disciplines. Many educators and administrators are searching for ways to transform improvement rhetorics and slogans into action. Models developed