【正文】 。與羧甲基纖維素包鐵顆粒的斥力是由于靜電力量，這種靜電力在高離子強(qiáng)度會(huì)減弱。腐殖酸使鐵顆粒和二氧化硅之間產(chǎn)生靜電斥力，可能由于其吸附鐵顆粒。加100mM氯化鈣時(shí)出現(xiàn)在PH值為8的時(shí)候。通過(guò)不同離子強(qiáng)度（100mM氯化鈉和100mM氯化鈣）或PH值（4，和8）或通過(guò)引入10毫克/升的腐殖酸探討水化學(xué)環(huán)境對(duì)這種相互作用力的影響。第五篇：專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)翻譯Forces of Interactions between Bare and PolymerCoated Iron and Silica: Effect of pH, Ionic Strength, and Humic Acids The interactions between a silica substrate and iron particles were investigated using atomic force microscopybased force spectroscopy(AFM).The micrometerand nanosized iron particles employed were either bare or coated with carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC), a polymer utilized to stabilize iron particle effect of water chemistry on the forces of interaction was probed by varying ionic strength(with 100 mM NaCl and 100 mM CaCl2)or pH(4, , and 8)or by introducing 10 mg/L of humic acids(HA).When particles were uncoated, the forces upon approach between silica and iron were attractive at pH 4 and and in 100 mM CaCl2 at pH 8, but they were negligible in 100 mM NaCl buffered to pH 8 and repulsive in water buffered to pH 8 and in HA produced electrosteric repulsion between iron particles and silica, likely due to its sorption to iron sorption to silica was excluded on the basis of experiments conducted with a quartzcrystal microbalance with dissipation with CMCcoated iron was attributed to electrosteric forces, which were damped at high ionic extended DLVO model and a modified version of Ohshima’s theory were successfully utilized to model AFM 、離子強(qiáng)度和腐殖酸對(duì)硅與裸露鐵粒子和高分子聚合物包裹鐵粒子之間相互作用的影響 利用以原子力顯微鏡為基礎(chǔ)的光譜法研究石英基片和鐵顆粒之間的相互作用。本文分析了簡(jiǎn)化計(jì)算方法的過(guò)程，對(duì)樁筏基礎(chǔ)的初步設(shè)計(jì)提供了有用的依據(jù)。第四篇：專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)翻譯樁筏基礎(chǔ)的簡(jiǎn)化設(shè)計(jì)方法摘要：在筏板基礎(chǔ)本身并不能滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求情況下，可通過(guò)在筏板下增加樁來(lái)提高其承載力。根據(jù)硒酸鹽的鍵長(zhǎng), 硒和鐵高親和力導(dǎo)致了之間的鍵長(zhǎng)更短。在pH=, 在Al(III)/SiO2和Fe(III)/SiO2中的亞硒酸鹽形式內(nèi)球體復(fù)合物，分別地包括雙配位基和單配位基。從這項(xiàng)研究中,我們觀察到Al(III)/SiO2和Fe(III)/SiO2從水溶液清除硒含氧陰離子是有效的。雖然在pH=,數(shù)據(jù)表明在二進(jìn)制元氧化物系統(tǒng)上亞硒酸鹽比硒酸鹽形成了更強(qiáng)的表面復(fù)合物。Peak和Sparks(2002)表明硒酸鹽在赤鐵礦的形式只有內(nèi)球體表面復(fù)合物，在針鐵礦和重質(zhì)燃料油上是外球體和內(nèi)球面表面復(fù)合物的混合形式。在Fe(III)/SiO2體系上的亞硒酸鹽和硒酸鹽的Se金屬鍵長(zhǎng)實(shí)際上是一樣的。根據(jù)EXAFS原則, x射線吸收原子和周?chē)拥木嚯x就是一個(gè)鍵長(zhǎng)。然而，SeFe的鍵長(zhǎng)()表明在Fe(III)/SiO2上的硒酸鹽形成了雙配位基的單核配合物(Hug,1997，Peak and Sparks,2002)。在所有的硒酸鹽樣品中,第一個(gè)形式是在RSFs上的SeO()與先前發(fā)表的水合和吸附的硒酸鹽SeO距離是一致的(Hayes et al,1987，Peak and Sparks,2002)。亞硒酸鹽在Fe(III)/。在針鐵礦上有內(nèi)球體硒酸鹽的存在是符合Manceau and Charlet(1994)(表4)?；诤?jiǎn)單的幾何約束，最好的亞硒酸鹽結(jié)合環(huán)境任務(wù)是在Al(III)/SiO2上()在pH=5下是一個(gè)雙配位基、雙核的表面復(fù)合物(鍵長(zhǎng)的范圍是～)。在所有亞硒酸樣本中，明確證明在RSFs上有兩個(gè)外形：第一外形是SeO( O安裝)，第二外形SeAl或SeFe在兩個(gè)二元氧化物系統(tǒng)上(圖5)。圖5和表4表明了在樣品上進(jìn)行的硒的Kedge EXAFS在pH=。因?yàn)閬單猁}強(qiáng)烈的通過(guò)結(jié)合金屬氧化物表面形成更強(qiáng)壯的內(nèi)球面復(fù)合物，在緩慢的過(guò)程中亞硒酸鹽需要花更多的時(shí)間到達(dá)平衡(Balistrieri and Chao,1987，Hayes,1987，Neal et al,1987，Zhang and Sparks,1990，Scott and Morgan, 1996)。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，對(duì)硒酸鹽Al(III)/SiO2具有更高的親和力，在Fe(III)/SiO2上對(duì)硒酸鹽的吸附能力大于亞硒酸鹽。這個(gè)偽二階模型很好的符合了兩個(gè)二元氧化物的系統(tǒng)運(yùn)動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)(r2 ,P ,n=18)。這個(gè)偽二階動(dòng)力學(xué)模型是最好的模型去描述二元氧化系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)。兩個(gè)二元氧化物系統(tǒng)的更大的表面地區(qū)和更小的顆粒尺寸提高吸附反應(yīng)的概率。對(duì)在Al(III)/SiO2 and Fe(III)/SiO2上的亞硒酸鹽，2 h的接觸會(huì)使95%的亞硒酸鹽被完全除去，吸附也會(huì)接近平衡(圖4a)。描述溶質(zhì)吸附率的吸附動(dòng)力學(xué)控制吸附反應(yīng)的停留時(shí)間是一個(gè)決定吸附效率的重要特征。至于二元氧化物系統(tǒng)吸附亞硒酸鹽和硒酸鹽的機(jī)制,之前的光譜研究表明,硒的吸附是鋁和鐵氧化物形成內(nèi)球面配合物的配位體與羥基在礦物表面交換(Peak,2006)。鐵顆粒在二氧化硅上的沉淀物不能增加任何吸附地方，二氧化硅的帶負(fù)電荷的表面增加了硒含氧陰離子和二氧化硅之間的排斥力。亞硒酸鹽的化學(xué)特性和幾何結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)似于磷酸鹽,而硒酸鹽是類(lèi)似于硫酸鹽(Hayes 1987，wijnja和Schulthess,2000)，兩個(gè)二元氧化物系統(tǒng)對(duì)亞硒酸鹽的吸附大于硒酸鹽。兩個(gè)二元氧化物系統(tǒng)可以歸于微粒增加了硒物種和吸附劑接觸。擬合數(shù)據(jù)顯示，分別地由Al(III)/SiO2吸收硒酸鹽和亞硒酸鹽的最大吸附容量(Qmax)，由Fe(III)/SiO2吸收硒酸鹽和亞硒酸鹽的 Qmax是 。吸附數(shù)據(jù)通過(guò)Langmuir 等溫線裝備好（r 2 ,P (n=7))(圖表2)。因此一個(gè)Ph=、動(dòng)力學(xué)、和吸附實(shí)驗(yàn)。圖2顯示在Al(III)/SiO2體系中，用Al(III)/SiO2比Fe(III)/SiO2對(duì)硒酸鹽的和亞硒酸鹽除去效率更大。鋁、鐵、硅氧化物是普遍存在于地球地殼的礦物，他們通常被用于除去水中污染物,因?yàn)殇X和鐵氧化物具有較高的表面積和零點(diǎn)電荷(,86范圍內(nèi)，在Al(III)/SiO2 中的亞硒酸鹽吸附受電解質(zhì)濃度影，這并不表示pH值的增長(zhǎng)。倫茨et al，2008)。硒能提高活動(dòng)的自由羥基自由基(OH)導(dǎo)致高氧化應(yīng)激損害生物(趙et al,2008)。但是，我們把電感器看作是通過(guò)其電感量L表現(xiàn)為時(shí)域形式而通過(guò)其阻抗表現(xiàn)為頻域形式，電容在時(shí)域里為電容量C而在頻域里為，阻抗是某種程度上的頻域變量而非時(shí)域變量。Section 5 Exercise 3 相電壓與相電流之比等于電路的阻抗，符號(hào)為字母Z，阻抗是一個(gè)具有量綱為歐姆的復(fù)數(shù)量。而這種方法被稱(chēng)為疊加法。Section 4 Exercise 3 如果一個(gè)電路有兩個(gè)或多個(gè)獨(dú)立源，求出具體變量值（電流或電壓）的一種方法是使用節(jié)點(diǎn)分析法或網(wǎng)孔分析法。只有當(dāng)需要強(qiáng)調(diào)元件性質(zhì)的時(shí)候才使用更長(zhǎng)的形式稱(chēng)呼它。我們可以很容易地買(mǎi)到或制造電阻器，但很快我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這種物理元件只有當(dāng)電流、電壓或者功率處于特定范圍時(shí)其電壓——電流之比才是恒定的，并且這個(gè)比值也取決于溫度以及其它環(huán)境因素。（介賓從句）The fact that everything around us is matter is known to 。（賓語(yǔ)從句）This is how a puter 。（定語(yǔ)從句）The instrument that we often use is very good in 。（定語(yǔ)從句）The instrument that we often use is very good in 。（賓語(yǔ)從句）The fact is that radio waves travel as fast as light 。（狀語(yǔ)從句）It is possible that we use a puter to solve these plicated 。（動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)）When an electric current flow through a wire it meets some ，它會(huì)遇到某種阻力。（動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)）By changing the resistance，we can change the ，我們就能改變電流。 plants fueled by uranium account for a continually increasing share of the load, but their construction is slow and uncertain because of the difficulty of raising capital to meet the sharply rising cost of construction, constantly increasing safety requirements which cause redesign, public opposition to the operation of the plants, and delays in through a circuit, the current will lose part of it ，要損耗掉一部分能量。 stations have ratings between 200 MW and 1500 MW so as to attain the high efficiency and economy of a large ，以實(shí)現(xiàn)大站的高效經(jīng)濟(jì)（運(yùn)行）。 plants can cause low dissolved oxygen levels in the water, a problem that is harmful to riverbank ——（這是）一個(gè)對(duì)岸邊生存環(huán)境有害的問(wèn)題。 kind of loads, especially those consume energy calculated by standard coals more over 10 thousands of tons per year, has a name of high energy consuming ，尤其是那些年耗能萬(wàn)噸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤以上的負(fù)荷，被稱(chēng)為高耗能負(fù)荷。, loads are devices those consume electric energy or electric power consumed by customers mainly in distribution ，負(fù)荷是主要在配電網(wǎng)中消耗電能的設(shè)備或者由用戶消耗的功率。一次系統(tǒng)也給經(jīng)過(guò)單相三線電路為居民用電和商業(yè)用戶提供120V/240V二次電壓的配電變壓器供電。電容的測(cè)量單位是法拉。Electrical energy can be stored in two metal plates separated by an insulating a device is called capacitor or ability to store electrical energy is is measured in farads 電能可儲(chǔ)存在由一絕緣介質(zhì)隔開(kāi)的兩塊金屬極板內(nèi)?！癆 per unit of B” 表示 “單位B上的A” 或者“A/B”。 exists between the conductors and is the charge on the conductors per unit of potential difference between ，等于導(dǎo)體上的電荷（電量）與導(dǎo)體間的電勢(shì)差之比。, the capability of lines of the same length varies at a rate somewhat gr