【正文】 五軸聯(lián)動加工和復(fù)合加工機(jī)床快速發(fā)展 采用 5 軸聯(lián)動對三維曲面零件的加工，可用刀具最佳幾何形狀進(jìn)行切削，不僅光潔度高，而且效率也大幅度提高。在可靠性方面，國外數(shù)控裝置的 MTBF 值已達(dá) 6 000h 以上，伺服系統(tǒng)的 MTBF 值達(dá)到 30000h 以上，表現(xiàn)出非常高的可靠性。加工一個(gè)薄壁飛機(jī)零件，只用 30min，而同樣的零件在一般高速銑床加工需 3h，在普通銑床加工需 8h；德國 DMG 公司的雙主軸車床的主軸速度及加速度分別達(dá)120200r/mm 和 1g。目前世界上許多汽車廠，包括我國的上海通用汽車公司，已經(jīng)采用以高速加工中心組成的生產(chǎn)線部分替代組合機(jī)床。這些都對加工裝備提出了高速、高精和高柔性的要求。 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯 14 在轎車工業(yè)領(lǐng)域，年產(chǎn) 30 萬輛的生產(chǎn)節(jié)拍是 40 秒 /輛，而且多品種加工是轎車裝備必須解決的重點(diǎn)問題之一；在航空和宇航工業(yè)領(lǐng)域，其加工的零部件多為薄壁和薄筋，剛度很差，材料為鋁或鋁合金，只有在高切削速度和切削力很小的情況下，才能對這些筋、壁進(jìn)行加工。高速、高精加工技術(shù)可極大地提高效率，提高產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和檔次，縮短生產(chǎn)周期和提高市場競爭能力。從目前世界上數(shù)控技術(shù)及其裝備發(fā)展的趨勢來看，其主要研究熱點(diǎn)有以下幾個(gè)方面［ 1～ 4］。 數(shù)控技術(shù)是用數(shù)字信息對機(jī)械運(yùn)動和工作過程進(jìn)行控制的技術(shù)，數(shù)控裝備是以數(shù)控技術(shù)為代表的新技術(shù)對傳統(tǒng)制造產(chǎn)業(yè)和新興制造業(yè)的滲透形成的機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品，即所謂的數(shù)字化裝備，其技術(shù)范圍覆蓋很多領(lǐng)域： (1)機(jī)械制造技術(shù)；(2)信息處理、加工、傳輸技術(shù)； (3)自動控制技術(shù)； (4)伺服驅(qū)動技術(shù)； (5)傳感器技術(shù)； (6)軟件技術(shù)等。此外，世界上各工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家還將數(shù)控技術(shù)及數(shù)控裝備列為國家的戰(zhàn)略物資，不僅采取重大措施來發(fā)展自己的數(shù)控技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)，而且在 “高精尖 ”數(shù)控關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和裝備方面對我國實(shí)行封鎖和限制政策。制造技術(shù)和裝備就是人類生產(chǎn)活動的最基本的生產(chǎn)資料，而數(shù)控技術(shù)又是當(dāng)今先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)和裝備最為核心的技術(shù)。s head finally that there is no scale Chinese numerical control equipment. In equiping researching and developing highgrade , precision and advancedly , should emphasize the production, learning and research and close bination of the end user, regard drawing, using, selling as the goal, tackle key problems according to the national will, in order to solve the needing badly of the country. Numerical control technology, emphasized innovation, put emphasis on researching and developing the technology and products with independent intellectual property right before the petition, establish the foundation for the industry of numerical control of our country, sustainable development of equipment manufacture and even the whole manufacturing industry. 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯 13 二、譯文 數(shù)控技術(shù)和裝備發(fā)展趨勢及對策 裝備工業(yè)的技術(shù)水平和現(xiàn)代化程度決定著整個(gè)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的水平和現(xiàn)代化程度，數(shù)控技術(shù)及裝備是發(fā)展新興高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)和尖端工業(yè)（如信息技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)、生物技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)、航空、航天等國防工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)）的使能技術(shù)和最基本的裝備 。 Will not have cheap and products rich in the petitiveness without scale。s living standard but also can alleviate the pressure of employment of our country , ensure the stability of the society。s best to want in shifting in world, namely should master and make key technology advanced, otherwise in a new round of 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯 11 international industrial structure adjustment, the manufacturing industry of our country will step forward and leave the core spaces . We regard resource, environment , market as the cost, it is only an international machining center in the new economic pattern of the world to exchange the possibility got and assemble the centre , but not master the position of the manufacturing center of key technology , will so influence the development process of the modern manufacturing industry of our country seriously. We should stand in the height of national security strategy paying attention to numerical control technology and industry39。 Have not set up related system, perfect training , service work of intact high quality ,etc. and supported the system. （ 3） Mechanism. It causes the brain drain, restraining technology and technological route from innovating again, products innovation that the bad machine is made, and has restricted the effective implementation of planning, has often planned the ideal, implement the difficulty. （ 4） Technology. The autonomous innovation in technology of enterprises is indifferent。 It is difficult to underestimate to add strangling, system, etc. to the unstandard, foreign blockade of the market。 Research, formulation that relevant standards are normal lag behind. It is analyzed that the main reason for having abovementioned disparity has the following several respect. （ 1） Realize the respect. Know to industry39。s own brand effect that the domestic 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯 10 numerical control system has not been set up yet, users have insufficient confidence. （ 3） On the ability of sustainable development, research and development of numerical control technology, project ability is relatively weak to the petition。 Dependability is not high, the mercialized degree is insufficient。 The specialized level of production of function part and ability of forming a plete set are relatively low。s needs more and more already. For this reason, studying and making a kind of new CNC system standard ISO14649 (STEPNC) in the world, its purpose is to offer a kind of neutral mechanism not depending on the concrete system, can describe the unified data model in cycle of whole life of the products, thus realize the whole manufacture process, standardization of and even each industrial field product information. The appearance of STEPNC may be a revolution of the technological field of the numerical control, on the development and even the whole manufacturing industry of numerical control technology, will exert a farreaching influence. First of all, STEPNC puts forward a kind of brandnew manufacture idea, in the traditional manufacture idea, NC processes the procedures to all concentrate on individual puter. Under the new standard, NC procedure can be dispersed on Inter, this is exactly a direction of open , worked development of numerical control technology. Secondly, STEPNC numerical control system can also reduce and process the drawing (about 75%), process the procedure to work out the time (about 35%) and process the time (about 50%) greatly. At present, AmericanEuropean countries pay much attention to the research of STEPNC, Europe initiates IMS plan () of STEPNC. 20 CAD/CAM/CAPP/CNC users, manufacturers and academic organizations from Europe and Japan participated in this plan. STEP Tools Company of . is a developer of the data interchange software of manufacturing industry in the global range, he has already developed the super model (Super Model ) which accuses of information exchange of machine tooling by counting, its goal is to describe all processing courses with the unified norm. Such new