【正文】
。3 智能化新一代PCNC數(shù)控系統(tǒng)當前開發(fā)研究適應于復雜制造過程的、具有閉環(huán)控制體系結構的、智能化新一代PCNC數(shù)控系統(tǒng)已成為可能。由于制造過程是一個具有多變量控制和加工工藝綜合作用的復雜過程,包含諸如加工尺寸、形狀、振動、噪聲、溫度和熱變形等各種變化因素,因此,要實現(xiàn)加工過程的多目標優(yōu)化,必須采用多變量的閉環(huán)控制,在實時加工過程中動態(tài)調整加工過程變量。(4)通用型開放式閉環(huán)控制模式 采用通用計算機組成總線式、模塊化、開放式、嵌入式體系結構,便于裁剪、擴展和升級,可組成不同檔次、不同類型、不同集成程度的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)。(3)網(wǎng)絡化 機床聯(lián)網(wǎng)可進行遠程控制和無人化操作。(2)模塊化 硬件模塊化易于實現(xiàn)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的集成化和標準化。應用先進封裝和互連技術,將半導體和表面安裝技術融為一體。應用FPD平板顯示技術,可提高顯示器性能。在數(shù)控技術領域,應用多媒體技術可以做到信息處理綜合化、智能化,在實時監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)和生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場設備的故障診斷、生產(chǎn)過程參數(shù)監(jiān)測等方面有著重大的應用價值。編程工具中包含用于車床銑床的標準PLC用戶程序實例,用戶可在標準PLC用戶程序基礎上進行編輯修改,從而方便地建立自己的應用程序。多種補償功能如間隙補償、垂直度補償、象限誤差補償、螺距和測量系統(tǒng)誤差補償、與速度相關的前饋補償、溫度補償、帶平滑接近和退出以及相反點計算的刀具半徑補償?shù)取T跀?shù)控技術領域,可視化技術可用于CAD/CAM,如自動編程設計、參數(shù)自動設定、刀具補償和刀具管理數(shù)據(jù)的動態(tài)處理和顯示以及加工過程的可視化仿真演示等。(2)科學計算可視化 科學計算可視化可用于高效處理數(shù)據(jù)和解釋數(shù)據(jù),使信息交流不再局限于用文字和語言表達,而可以直接使用圖形、圖像、動畫等可視信息。當前INTERNET、虛擬現(xiàn)實、科學計算可視化及多媒體等技術也對用戶界面提出了更高要求?!」δ馨l(fā)展方向(1)用戶界面圖形化 用戶界面是數(shù)控系統(tǒng)與使用者之間的對話接口。在數(shù)控技術領域,實時智能控制的研究和應用正沿著幾個主要分支發(fā)展:自適應控制、模糊控制、神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡控制、專家控制、學習控制、前饋控制等。而人工智能則試圖用計算模型實現(xiàn)人類的各種智能行為。數(shù)控技術軸,西門子880系統(tǒng)控制軸數(shù)可達24軸。(3)工藝復合性和多軸化 以減少工序、輔助時間為主要目的的復合加工,正朝著多軸、多系列控制功能方向發(fā)展。由于采用了高速CPU芯片、RISC芯片、多CPU控制系統(tǒng)以及帶高分辨率絕對式檢測元件的交流數(shù)字伺服系統(tǒng),同時采取了改善機床動態(tài)、靜態(tài)特性等有效措施,機床的高速高精高效化已大大提高。由此可見,傳統(tǒng)CNC系統(tǒng)的這種固定程序控制模式和封閉式體系結構,限制了CNC向多變量智能化控制發(fā)展,已不適應日益復雜的制造過程,因此,對數(shù)控技術實行變革勢在必行。CAD/CAM和CNC之間沒有反饋控制環(huán)節(jié),整個制造過程中CNC只是一個封閉式的開環(huán)執(zhí)行機構。長期以來,我國的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)為傳統(tǒng)的封閉式體系結構,CNC只能作為非智能的機床運動控制器。目前,數(shù)控技術正在發(fā)生根本性變革,由專用型封閉式開環(huán)控制模式向通用型開放式實時動態(tài)全閉環(huán)控制模式發(fā)展。s various intelligent behaviors. To the development of science and technology today, realtime systems and artificial intelligence bined with each other towards artificial intelligence is a realtime response, a more realistic field of development, and also in the realtime system with intelligent behavior, the more plex application development, resulting in the Intelligent realtime control of this new area. NC technology in the field, realtime intelligent control of the research and application of development along several main branches: adaptive control, fuzzy control, neural network control, experts control, learning control, feedforward control. For example, in CNC programming system with expert systems, fault diagnosis expert system parameters automatically set and tool management and automatic pensation, such as adaptive conditioning systems, in highspeed processing of the integrated motion control ahead of the introduction of budget projections and functional, dynamic Feedforward functions in pressure, temperature, position, velocity, control, fuzzy control, the control of the NC system performance greatly improved, so as to achieve optimal control purposes. functional development direction (1) The user interface is graphical user interface with the CNC system of dialogue between the user interface. Since different users interface requirements are different, thus the development of the workload of great user interface, user interface software developed into the most difficult part of. At present INTERNET, virtual reality, visualization in scientific puting and multimedia technologies, such as the user interface has put a higher demand. Graphical user interface greatly facilitates the use of nonprofessional users, it can be carried out through the window and menu operation, ease of programming and blueprint for rapid programming, threedimensional dynamic three